Advanced Materials Research Vols. 560-561

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https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.560-561

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Paper Title Page

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Wastewater Flocculation by a Novel (AlCl₃-PAM) Hybrid Polymer

Authors: Ammar Salman Dawood, Yi Lian Li

Abstract: In this study, a novel aluminum chloride-ploy(acrylamide) hybrid polymer has been synthesized by free radical solution polymerization of acrylamide (AM) onto aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) in the presence of ammonium persulphate and sodium hydrogen sulphite as polymerization’s initiators. On the other hand, the structure of hybrid polymer (AlCl₃-PAM) has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied in the flocculation process of wastewater treatment to achieve maximum removal efficiencies of total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity , and chemical oxygen demined (COD), as the other objectives of this study. The operating variables in this experiment were new hybrid polymer dose and wastewater pH. The maximum conditions have been found to be wastewater pH 7, and hybrid polymer dose 100 mg/l. Under these optimal conditions, the removal of turbidity, TSS, and COD in the effluent have been reached to 98.2%, 99.1%, and 90.6% respectively. According to these results, domestic wastewater treatment using (AlCl3-PAM) has proved to be an effective alternative in the administration of COD, TSS, and turbidity problems of municipality wastewater.

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Hydroprocessing of Crude Palm Oil to Bio-Diesel Using Mesoporous Catalysts

Authors: C.T. Tye, P.Y. Looi, T.L. Meow

Abstract: The demand for petroleum products such as gasoline and diesel is increasing over the years. Many countries use the renewable organic material such as vegetable oils to produce biofuels to cope with this problem and the environmental problems. In this research, the production of liquid biofuels from hydroprocessing of crude palm oil was studied. Performance of different catalysts with mesoporous alumina support with different properties was investigated in the hydroprocessing of crude palm oil. The hydroprocessing reactions were carried out in a batch reactor at reaction temperature of 350°C under hydrogen pressure for an hour. In the present study, the performance of catalyst in liquid yield was found in the order of NiMo/Al2O3

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Study on the Extraction Technique of Poly-methoxyflavonoids from Citrus Peels by Using Response Surface Methodology

Authors: Cheng Ping Li, Li Li Wang, Zai Su Jin, Lan Tang

Abstract: The objective of the present study is to extract polymethoxy ﬂavonoids such as nobiletin and tangeretin possess several important biological activities ,and to make full of use citrus peels which to be waste or by-product to develop a feasible eco-friendly process to maximize the yield of nobiletin and tangeretin. Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to investigate the effect of temperature (°C), time (h) and liquid-material ratio (ml/g)on nobiletin and tangeretin extraction. Under the optimum conditions, Extraction yielded polymethoxy ﬂavonoids content of more than 1.15mg/g

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The Effect of Oxygen-Functional Groups on the Water Resistance of Lignite Briquette

Authors: Hong Ying Liu, Xiao Hong Lu, Xin Nan Zhao, Yu Li Yang

Abstract: Because of the increased demand for coal resources, the use of low-quality lignite increased. Heating-Pressing Utilizing is a better method to process fine lignite particles. The water resistance of lignite briquettes is important. In this study, the Baorixile lignite was dried in a lab-scale tube reactor and on pilot line. The oxygenic functional groups of lignite were analyzed at different temperature. The result indicated that carboxyl groups and phenols decreased as the temperature increasing, and phenols plays a more important role on the waterproof of lignite briquettes, especially at high temperature.

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Production of Biodiesel in Supercritical Methanol and Related Correlation on Phase Equilibrium

Authors: Dan Zeng, Yang Li, Tao Fang

Abstract: Biodiesel was prepared by methyl esterification and effects of different reaction conditions on the yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were investigated. The result of the orthogonal experiment analysis shows that the order of influential factors is ranked as reaction temperature > methanol-to-soybean-oil (M/O) ratio > reaction time. The maximum yield of 94.8 % has been achieved by reacting supercritical methanol and soybean oil in M/O ratio 4:2 (v/v) at 573 K for 45 min. Moreover, the higher M/O ratio, the higher yield of FAMEs will be obtained. At the temperature ranging from 533 k to 573 k, the yield rises significantly; however, since soybean oil decomposes over 573 K, the yield decreases oppositely. Time longer than 45 min has less effect on the final yield. In addition, the phase equilibrium data of supercritical methanol + C12 methyl esters and supercritical methanol + C18 methyl esters were separately correlated using the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EOS) with the Adachi-Sugie (AS) mixing rule.

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Epoxy Resins Treated with Novel Silicon-Containing Flame Retardant

Authors: Ming Gao, Ying Juan Sun

Abstract: A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardants (Si-MIFR), was synthesized, and its structure was a caged bicyclic macromolecule containing phosphorus-silicon characterized by IR. Epoxy resins (EP) were modified with Si-MIFR to get the flame retardant EP, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by UL 94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), dilatation, char yield, smoke density rating (SDR) and maximum smoke density (MSD). The epoxy resins were obtained for the UL 94 V-0 rating at low Si contents of 3.0 % get a LOI of 27.5% and char yield of 23.8%. Dilatation, SDR and MSD of EP/Si-MIFR decreased. The degradation behavior of the EP/Si-MIFR was studied by TG and EDX analysis. The experimental results exhibited that the initial decomposition temperature (IDT) was decreased, integral procedure decomposition temperature (IPDT) and amounts of Si and P at the residue were increased.

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Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins Containing Bisaryl Diphosphates Oligomer

Authors: Ming Gao, Chun Feng Sun

Abstract: Bisphenol A bis( diphenyl phosphate) oligomer (BDP) as flame retardants (FR) was synthesized, whose structure was characterized by IR. 30% weight BDP was doped into epoxy resins (EP) to get 26.2 % of LOI and UL 94 V-0. The degradation behavior of EP containing BDP was studied by TG, SEM and cone calorimeter. In the thermal degradation of EP containing BDP, the initial decomposition temperature, Tm and heat release and smoke production are decreased while Rmax, char yields, and inherent thermal stability are increased. Surface of the char is dense and compact, which can isolate the transfer of mass and heat between the materials and the flame to protect the unburned materials.

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Mechanism and Application Performance of Slow-Release Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer

Authors: Xiao Liu, Zi Ming Wang, Hui Qun Li, Ting Li

Abstract: A type of slow-release polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) was prepared and its application performance and mechanism were studied systematically. The experimental results of cement and concrete showed that the prepared slow-release PCE can slowly play a dispersing role and finally achieve a good dispersing effect within 120 minutes. Its adsorption behavior on the surfaces of cement particles was measured by a total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer, displaying the validity of slow adsorption. The hydrate exothermic curves showed that the slow-release PCE only delayed the hydration but did not affect the hydration heat and workability of concrete.

574

Synthesis and Properties of Lightweight Geopolymer using Ash from Thermal Power Plants

Authors: Bogdan Iliev Bogdanov, Yancho Hristov, Dimitar Petrov Georgiev, Irena Markovska

Abstract: A lightweight inorganic polymer is obtained using ash from thermal power plants, metakaolinite and lightweight aggregate. This inorganic material is activated using small amounts of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution. Processing parameters and various curing conditions, such as curing temperature, curing time and moisture, are investigated. Compressive strength, rate of water absorption and density of each sample were measured.

580

Preparation of SiO₂/PEG Shear Thickening System by Centrifugal Dispersion

Authors: Biao Yang, Sheng Wang, Guo Zhi Xu, Fei Xin

Abstract: The nano-SiO2/polyethylene glycol (PEG) dispersion system was prepared by centrifugal mixing, and its rheological properties were investigated. The results showed the revolution and rotation speed during the centrifugal mixing have a significant effect on the rheological properties of SiO2/PEG system. When the revolution speed of the centrifugal mixer was fixed at a high speed of 1200rpm, the shear thickening effect of SiO2/PEG was gradually increased with the decrease of rotation speed, and the maximum viscosity (η) of 12340 mPa•s appeared at the rotation speed of 200 rpm. At the low revolution speed of 700 rpm, the increase of the rotation speed significantly enhanced the shear thickening effect. When the rotation speed was 700rpm, the maximum viscosity was up to 86130mPa s. In steady state experiments, the systems show a shear-thinning property under low shear rate. When the shear rate exceeded a critical value (γ= 24.92 s-1), the viscosity first increased, and then decreased sharply. In the dynamic experiments, with the increase of angular frequency (ω), the loss modulus (G″) also increased and the systems behaved as a shear-thickening fluid.

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