Advanced Materials Research Vols. 560-561

Abstract: Abstract. Based on the results of single factor experiments on the extraction of total flavonoids content (TFC) in roots of semi-mangrove plant Clerodendrum inerme(L.) Gaertn., operation conditions were optimized with orthogonal methodology. Four factors were applied to evaluate the extraction yield, including the ethanol concentration, extraction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio. According to the experimental results, the influence order of different factors on the yield of TFC from the roots: ethanol concentration > solid to liquid ratio > extraction temperature > extraction time. The optimum operating parameters were determined as following, ethanol concentration of 70.0 %, extraction time of 90.0 min, temperature of 60.0 °C and solid to liquid ratio of 1:30. Under the optimized conditions, the maximal yield of TFC was enhanced to 1.279%.

Abstract: Based on Cellular Automata method，The article developed the HHC-CA model which generated the granular samples of different fabric to characterize the heterogeneous and random distribution of samples group．Then by means of FLAC3D，conducting triaxial numerical simulation tests of granular samples and acquiring the average cohesion C and average internal frictional angle of different relative height．In addition，on the basis of on-site survey of granular size distribution，the slope model of current situation，had considered the features of particle size grading，was established according to Xiyuanlin 413 step dumping site．The results of slope stability analysis indicated that the upper displacement vector，whose displacement direction maintained the same direction of the current situation slope of Xiyuanlin 413 step dumping site，performanced for subsidence．The middle displacement vector showed shear and the displacement vector of bottom had slightly the trend of anti-lift．The slope failure model of current situation expressed in crack at the top platform and shearing out with a arc in the middle．This status of current situation slope was temporary steady stage．

Abstract: In this study, physical properties and antimicrobial activity of soy protein isolate edible films incorporated with essential oil monomers were tested. Adding amount of essential oil monomers could significantly change the physical properties of the films. Water-solubility of soy protein isolate edible films could be significantly reduced when adding essential oil monomers. With the essential oil monomers’ content increasing, the water vapor permeability increased at the beginning and then decreased. Tensile strength reduced with cinnamicaldehyde and eugenol content increasing, but the tensile strength of cinnamaldehyde-eugenol (1:1) compound films reduced at first and then increased. The breaking elongation of cinnamaldehyde-eugenol (1:1) compound edible films was the highest. Using cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde-eugenol (1:1) compound as the antibacterial agent respectively, antibacterial activities of soy protein isolate edible films incorporated with1, 2, 3, 4, 5and6% essential oil monomer were evaluated against Escherichia coli, we found that antibacterial activities of soy protein isolate edible films incorporated with essential oil monomers were significant, film containing cinnamaldehyde was the most effective.

Abstract: Yam glycoprotein (YGP) is an important source of bioactives for functional foods. To investigate the effects of alkaline extracting method on the features of YGP, A glycoprotein was isolated from yam tubers by using alkaline processing method, and purified by ion-exchange and gel filtration column chromatography. During the SDS-PAGE eletrophoresis, the result shows a band with approximately 30 kDa molecular weight. The YGP consists of protein moiety (62.34%) and carbohydrate moiety (37.51%), respectively. By the automatic amino acid analyzer detecting, it indicated that the YGP consists of 17 kinds of amino acids and contains a high percentage of glutamic acid and aspartic acid. The results of thin-layer chromatography show that oligosaccharides of the YGP contain D-glucose, D-galactose and mannose.

Abstract: To explore the antitumor activity of crude polysaccharides of Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DBLP) and its possible mechanism, the effects of DBLP on the tumor growth in vivo, thymus and spleen weight were examined. Apoptosis of thymus, spleen and tumor tissue in tumor-bearing mice was detected by the flow cytometry. The number of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood was also determined by means of FACScan flow cytometer. Our results showed that U14 cervical carcinoma growth could be inhibited, thymus weight be increased, apoptosis of thymus and spleen be decreased, and apoptosis of tumor be increased by DBLP in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, DBLP had the abilities to reduce the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte according to CTX group. These results indicated that DBLP could suppress the cervical carcinoma through modulating immune response of the tumor-bearing mice and inducing apoptosis of tumor tissue.

Abstract: Immobilization of microencapsulated cell is a kind of membrane technology. Therefore, the characteristics of membrane have a great impact on the growth of microorganisms. This study is designed to achieve the greatest growth rate of microencapsulated cell, Escherichia coli were immobilized in AC microcapsules made with different type of chitosan and then cultured in the Luria-Bertani medium. Effect of deacetylated degree (DD), molecular weight, membrane formation time and the pH of chitosan on the swelling ratio, cell release and proliferation were investigated at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24and 48h respectively. The results showed that the DD has no obviously influence on terminal biomass concentration, but the swelling ratio of membrane reached lowest when the DD was 90%. The biomass concentration increased with the rising of chitosan Mw and membrane formation time. Especially, the terminal biomass concentration near to 6.5×106·mL in the microcapsules made with 10KDa chitosan Mw ands 15min membrane formation time. Moreover, the swelling ratio closed to lowest point as the chitosan solution pH was 6.3.

Abstract: This thesis chose the metabolism of energy and carbon in Aspergillus niger, the citric acid over-producting mycete, as a model system to research the principal physiological and biochemical characteristics. The effects of energy metabolism on the glycolic pathway, and the mechanism of product inhibitory in Aspergillus niger were researched in detail. The relationship between the consistence of intracellular ATP and the glycolytic flux in Aspergillus niger was investigated by adding oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor-antimycin A. When 0.4 mg/L antimycin A was added to the cell cultures, the consistence of intracellular ATP was approximately 31.96% less than that of the control. The specific activity of phosphofructokinase, one of the rate limiting enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, increased by a factor of 0.135 compared with the control. With the specific activity of phosphofructokinase increased, the rate of glucose consumed increased by a factor of 0.137, in comparison of the control. And the rate of citric acid produced increased by 16.15%. The specific activities of hexokinase were not affected by the accretion of antimycin A. These results are the first answer to the fundamental question of what controls the flux through glycolsis in Aspergillus niger.

Abstract: A new adhesive reagent has been developed for the fabrication of shell mold with the adhesive strength under high temperature. The new adhesive reagent was prepared by mixing inorganic precursors of alkyl silicate and sodium alkoxide, starting particle composed of silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) used as substrate in the conventional mold process, and colloidal silica. Inorganic precursor was used to increase the adhesive strength of mold, resulting from the glass phase generated by the sol-gel reaction and glassification of precursors. In addition, colloidal silica and starting particle were added to control the viscosity of adhesive reagent, inducing the availability of adhesive reagent. In the case of mold sample adjoined by the new adhesive reagent the glass phase is well formed at the interface between adhesive reagent and substrate, compared with those made with the conventional adhesive reagents such as a mortar and a sand bond. This leads to the increase in the adhesive strength of shell mold, preventing the collapse of the mold at a high temperature during casting process. Therefore, the new adhesive reagent could desirably prepare shell mold without an additional process to enhance the adhesive strength in the conventional casting process.

Abstract: Ultrasonically-levitated drops have been widely studied for materials processing and for sample preparation for chemical analysis. We report on the development of such drops for study of kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and other chemical processes. We review how to simply and reliably levitate drops, discuss why such drops are desirable for studying biochemical reactions, especially those generating or consuming free radicals, and report progress towards routine kinetics measurements in microliter drops.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a novel prediction method for breast cancer based on gene expression data through using a susceptible marker-selectable biomimetic pattern recognition (BPR) method, with which a parameter increasing method (PIM) was proposed to incorporate. The method was used to predict early detection, transition from normal cell to cancerous cell and prognosis signature of patients with adjuvant systemic therapy. Several genes were selected as susceptible genes associated with breast cancer. It can be shown by the results that the “cognition” BPR method could correctly predict detection, cancerous cell transition and good or poor prognosis signature with approximate 85%, 98% and 88% accuracy separately. In order to study the performance of BPR, Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) and support vector machine (SVM) methods also were applied to analyze the gene expression data. From the results, it can be found that the BPR method is superior to FDA and SVM with respect to classification ability. Furthermore, the prediction performance can be improved through using biomarker instead of whole gene expression data for any method.