Advanced Materials Research Vols. 610-613

Abstract: Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source most abundantly associated with volcanism. In this paper, we report the progress in the application of remote sensing technology for prospecting the geothermal energy potential in Xilingol, a Cenozoic volcanic area in the eastern Inner Mongolia, NE China. Landsat TM images are processed in combination of existing geological and geographical data in the interpretation of faults and volcanic craters. Land surface temperature (LST) has been retrieved with a single-channel algorithm. Through the analysis of geological data and the distribution of the LST, seven prospective geothermal areas have been identified for further study.

Abstract: The Suzhou urban as the research object, the surface brightness temperature was retrieved by the 1987,2005 and 2010 Landsat TM / ETM⁺ thermal infrared band remote sensing images, then calculated the relative brightness temperature and the urban heat island ratio index, according to the relative brightness temperature, the Suzhou urban heat island effect was divided into four grades: green island, weak island, heat island and strong island, and compared the 3 periods urban heat island ratio index. The results show that: (1) with the urbanization process accelerated, the urban heat island ratio index has been rising in 1987-2010, the urban heat island effect is enhanced year by year; (2) the green island area and the strong island area in 1987-2010 are declining, are reduced by 23.82.km² and 8.75.km², the weak island area and the heat island area are increasing, are increased by 22.69.km² and 9.83.km²; (3) the Suzhou urban expansion and the urban heat island expansion trend has the same space consistency in 1987-2010, while the urban area is sprawling, the urban heat island area is also expanding; (4) the urban vegetation and the urban heat island effect is a negative correlation in 1987-2010, appropriate to increase the urban green space for the mitigation of urban heat island effect has a positive effect.

Abstract: Selected the lower Tarim River in 2000 and 2010 TM / ETM data source, the use of human - machine interaction visual interpretation of data obtained by two interpretation map, interpret the results based on two data LUCC trends in variation analysis, the results show that: in the past 10 years, the Tarim River increased 28735 ha cultivated land (hm2), the natural increase of 25846 hectares of vegetation (hm2). Forest land was slowly decreasing trend, the decrease in the main area into open woodland and urban settlements; high, shrub and grass cover showed a degree of degradation. Conclusion: The study area in recent years has woodland, open forest land reduction and degradation shows the degradation of habitat area, with the increase of human reclamation area, the regional water consumption will significantly increase, which is lower Tarim river water to a certain pressure.

Abstract: As an ultimate goal of urban development, urban livability was studied by taking Changchun city as research area in this paper. The evaluation index system of livability was established by taking Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing as technical means to integrate and process the basic databases from different sources, forms and scales synthetically. The livable scores of each grid in the research area were obtained by combining Mean Square Deviation Method and Principle Component Analysis Method to determine the index weights. The results of the study showed that the whole livable level of Changchun was not high and the areas with higher scores than the average level accounted for 27.48%. Taking the streets as units of comprehensive evaluation and analysis, the second-grade livable street with medium conditions of livability accounts for 50% of the 46 streets we examined and most of them are mainly distributed in Luyuan District and Nanguan District.

Abstract: Spectral reflectance of benthic substance is a fundamental parameter to coral reef environmental protection by remote sensing technology. It collected in situ a total of 44 spectral reflectance of healthy coral, fine sand, dead coral, sand mixed with coral rubble, and sea grass in Leizhou peninsula, China. Analyses of spectral reflectance revealed that there exist three distinct spectral zones, the high reflectance zone (400-580nm), the attenuation zone (580-720nm) and low reflectance zone (720-850nm). The reflectance between 400 to 580nm band range can be used to discriminate coral reefs and other substances efficiently. Meanwhile, water depth and quality has great influence on coral reef spectrum. By using spectral response function, analyses of simulated reflectance spectra for several remote sensors (ETM+, SPOT5, IKONOS, Quick bird) indicate that narrowband multispectral sensors have the ability to discriminate different benthic substances. The research demonstrates that basic reef benthic classes are spectrally identifiable and differentiable; it establishes the basis of utilizing remote sensing technology for environmental protection of coral reef ecosystem.

Abstract: Suaeda salsa is the characteristics vegetation in the wetlands of Northern China. By acquiring Suaeda Salsa biomass, building spectral reflectance curve, probing into the relationship between the vegetation indices and the biomass, and finally achieving Suaeda Salsa’s biomass remote sensing monitor in the ShuangTai river estuary, Conclusions are as follows: 1). Correlation coefficient between the biomass and the vegetation indices (RVI and NDVI) is low, and Linear regression equation (R2) is 0.342 and 0.316, and the Logarithmic regression equation (R²) is 0.319 and 0.21, and the Quadratic equation (R2) is 0.589 and 0.568. Correlation coefficient between the biomass and the vegetation indices (PVI, SAVI and MSAVI) is high, and the linear regression equation is 0.626、0.698 and 0.679, respectively. The logarithmic regression equation is 0.592、0.706 and 0.683 respectively and the quadratic equation is 0.688、0.711 and 0.683. 2). Suaeda salsa’s biomass is consistent with the distribution area in the Shuangtai river estuary. Total biomass maintained at 2.9 × 10⁷- 4.2 × 10⁸kg in 1990, and dropped to 3.4 × 10⁶ ~ 3.5 × 10⁷kg in 1995. In 2000, the quadratic function of vegetation version biomass rebounded, but linear function continues to fall. Biomass increased rapidly, reaching 1.46 ~ 2.4 × 108kg in 2005.

Abstract: Based on the GIS technology, NDVI indexes have been used as main data source in this paper. Spatiotemporal change principle have been analyzed in order to realize the vegetation cover spatial distribution and changing trend in eastern Jilin during the 10 years. The results show that the vegetation cover in eastern jilin, in the past 10 years, vegetation coverage is obviously the volatility of the whole the increasing trend, but change small scale, basically in a stable state. The areas with increased vegetation coverage is mainly distributed in the northeast and north, the areas with decreased vegetation coverage is mainly distributed in the southeast and southwest. The areas with increased vegetation coverage is more than the areas with the decreased vegetation coverage. Improvement of trends in the area are mainly distributed in the Yanbian area of eastern and southern, central Tonghua, Baishan area of Northwestern and other places, the trend of degradation in the region are mainly distributed in the eastern part of Jilin , the East Yanbian and southeastern Baishan region.And the areas with significantly changed vegetation coverage are comparatively small and scattered throughout the study area.

Abstract: Based on the statistical data from 1991 to 2010, the dynamic change of per unit area grain yield were discussed in Suzhou City. In the last 20 years, the per unit area grain yield took on an increasing trend in the fluctuation, using the GM (1, 1) model, per unit area grain yield will continue to grow in the next five years. According to the grey system theory, factors affecting per unit area grain yield are analyzed and correlative degree between factors and per unit area grain yield is quantitatively measured. The results show that the level of urbanization, modernization of agricultural science and technology and precipitation are the most important factors that affect per unit area grain yield, but economic factors such as GDP have less impact on per unit area grain yield in Suzhou City. Moreover, the construction of water conservancy should be strengthened to improve food production and disaster prevention capacity and focus on raising the level of agricultural modernization in the future. Relying on technological progress to improve per unit area grain yield is an important foundation for the future to ensure food stability during urbanization and economic development, which the cultivated area will continue to decrease.

Abstract: Geographic Information System (GIS) is applied to the forest fire monitoring and management in Henan province, China. A forest fire monitoring system architecture is presented, which consists of the mobile client, the monitoring and management client, the map data server, and the business data processing server. The paper carried out the system database design and function design and realized the functions of forest resources inquire, fire warning, positioning and navigation of fire point, fire situation real-time dynamic plotting, and so on. The system can promote efficiently the informatization of monitoring, management, early warning in forest fire.

Abstract: An automatic detection algorithm of bridges above water in aerial images is proposed. Firstly, aerial image is binarized based on gradient mean square variance, and binary image is denoised based on pixel density. Then connective areas are labeled in the binary image based on pixels to extract water area. Finally, bridge area is detected based on gray information. Experiments show this algorithm is effective in automatic detection of bridges above water in aerial images.