Advanced Materials Research Vols. 610-613

Abstract: Using general loglinear analysis and GIS spatial analysis, we evaluated the socio-economic inequities in exposure to SO₂ in the urban and rural areas at census scale. The results show that differences of exposure inequities among socioeconomic groups exist in the urban and rural areas. Further studies are needed to analyze the impacts of scales and statistical methods on the accuracy of air pollution exposure justice assessment.

Abstract: Scanning digital aerial images as data source, using PhotoShop software and MapGis software measurement pixel coordinates of the 8frame point on photo , according to the camera parameters file provided fiducial mark on the image plane coordinate system coordinates the theory, using affine transformation method and bilinear transformation method, calculated the interior orientation parameters. Basing on this parameter calculates residual error of frame point coordinate, analyse and compare residual error which obtained by two kinds of measurement frame point pixel coordinates .Research shows that, the directional accuracy by using the MapGis measurement frame point pixel coordinates is higher than that by using PhotoShop measurement;

Abstract: Methods for extracting information about coastline, mean high tide line and mean low tide line from satellite images are investigated based on the satellite images which have a spatial resolution of 10m and were obtained in the coastal area of Yancheng of Jiangsu province in 2006, 2008 and 2009, respectively. The evolution of the coastal zone influenced by human activities such as harbor construction and sea reclamation for farming is analyzed. The results show that (1) comparing with low resolution RS images, the high resolution images can be used to extract more subtle culture features, from which the mean high tidal line can be extracted; (2) by combing with the tidal level of the day and based on the high tidal line extracted already, the instantaneous water line on the images and leaner relationship among them, the mean low tidal line may possibly be worked out; (3) it has been being in an accretion status since 2006, with an increasing magnitude every year, while the mean low tide line was in a dynamic balance status from 2006 to 2008, but was eroded by 840m from 2008 to 2009, being very distinct in its change.

Abstract: There are more and more concerns of researchers on the spatial distribution of organic carbons. Accurate estimate of organic carbon stock of arable land soil is significant to cutting down release of carbons. The study, taking Hainan arable land as the study case, has analyzed the distribution and variation characteristics of organic matters content of arable land soils in this area by applying GIS spatial analysis. The results indicate that for nearly three decades, the contents of soil organic matters decreased significantly in Hainan, and the effective measures should be taken to increase the contents of soil organic matters, i.e. increase application ratios of organic fertilizers. GIS raster calculation can identify the areas, of which the soil organic matters changed most significantly during the two periods.

Abstract: The soil testing and fertilization recommendation technology can prevent improper fertilization and low utilization ratio of fertilizers. GIS spatial analysis module can reduce high costs and increase efficiency of conventional soil testing and fertilization. The purpose of this study comments on the previous researches of GIS application in soil testing and fertilization, has put forward the advantages and inevitable disadvantages, and demonstrates the efficiency of soil resource information database to improve the technology of soil testing and fertilization. It can notably cut down the costs and improve practicability of models when the spatial soil nutrient database is introduced into the development of soil testing and fertilization.

Abstract: The research on the distribution of soil nutrient contents in arable land regionally is the basis for the proper fertilization. The study, taking Hainan Island as the study area, analyzes the distribution and variation of soil nutrient contents in arable land spatially and temporally by applying GIS spatial analysis. As the study shows, from the 1980s to the year of 2005, the TN, TP, TK, and Available N contents in soil of arable land have declined to certain degree, while Available P and Available K kept increasing. Generally, the soil nutrients have declined in quality during last two decades but remain in a mediate level. Spatial analysis can reflect the distribution characteristics of the regional soil nutrient elements in an objective manner.

Abstract: It’s necessary for surveying and mapping departments to manage aerial surveying digital data. How to manage increasing data automatically has become an urgent problem to be settled.The framework designing of the aerial digital data management information system is deeply dissertated and discussed in this paper. Then the system based on two-tier C/S structured model, using the Borland's Delphi development tool, Microsoft’s SQL Server 2000 ultra-large databases and SuperMap Objects graphical components is established, using parts of present data collecting from the aerial photographic surveying department.Compared with traditional systems, this aerial digital data management system has a good nature.It realize the automation management and operation easily.

Abstract: In the mining industry, conventional methods such as GPS and total station technology are used most extensively for data collection and in return used to compute volume of extracted materials (ore and waste). In situation where the ore body is bigger in size, and changes dynamically, the use of conventional method to measure volume of ore is not practicable and economically viable because of the workload involved, precision and accuracy of the survey and safety of workers. In this paper a method and work flow of ore heap volume measurement by using 3D laser scanning technique to acquire point cloud data was introduced. RiSCAN PRO and Geomagic studio was used to process the original data (registration, noise elimination, georeferencing, resampling etc.), 3D modeling and volume computations. A comparison on precision of geodetic control points coordinate measured by GPS receivers and 3D laser scanner was carried out. The results indicate that 3D laser scanning technique can effectively be applied to ore output volume measurement since it satisfies the requirement of ore volume measurement.

Abstract: This paper aimed to research the changes in sea-ice extent of the Antarctic region using moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sea ice data. The procedure include: MODIS sea ice data, image layering, information extraction, data synthesis, estimation of sea ice extent. The results showed that: the sea ice has obviously seasonal dynamical changes, and been divided into freezing and melting periods; but the inter-annual variations of sea ice range is not obvious; In summary, the sea ice range displayed decreasing trend in the whole study area, but that showed different tendency in different year and waters area.

Abstract: A direct result of the urban heat island's intensification of Nantong is the accelerated process of urbanization in recent years. In order to analyze spatial and temporal distribution of urban heat island of Nantong City, adiative transfer equation was used to inversion surface temperature of Nantong based on 2001 and 2005TM / ETM + remote sensing images. The results are divided into six grades and temperature level distribution diagram and temperature area ratio statistics were outputted. By the analysis of temperature rating maps and temperature area ratio statistics, it showed that the heat island effect mainly occure in the central city of Nantong from 2001 to 2005. The range of heat island increase and the intensity also increase. The heat island grows in the central urban and the intensity of heat island of other parts is from weak to strong.