Advanced Materials Research Vols. 610-613

Abstract: Ecologists have long sought a general metabolic scaling law (e.g., the 3/4 power law), although the size-independent mass-special metabolic ratemay have been selected for over evolutionary time. Here, we outline four hierarchical energy processes along the path of energy flow. These processes are represented as the scaling exponents of mass-dependent energy flow (e.g., a 1/4-scaling rule for individuals and a 1/3-scaling rule for populations). Individuals and populations have evolved as the conduits of energy flow. Interestingly, the mass-dependent hierarchical energy flow can help explain the development of a tree population. Our theory highlights that mass-dependent hierarchical energy flow may act as a metabolic integrator and suggests an energetic explanation of the evolution of plant biosystems from the individual to the community level.

Abstract: Studies that address the use of microalgae as biofuels often require the frequent measurement of total lipid content. Traditional methods for the quantification of lipid are time-consuming or involve the use of expensive analytical equipment that is not available in many labs. Here we investigated microalgal culture as the starting material and simple, colorimetric method for quantitative measurement of neutral lipids in microalgae with a relatively high correlation coefficient (R²=0.9038) between gravimetric and spectrophotometric quantification. Linear responses for triolein, vegetable oil and microalgal oil in a concentration range between 0.1 and 1 mg/l were observed. Using this method, Monoraphidium pusillum were screened out of several microalgal strains with the highest lipid content (25.52% dry weight). The color reaction for quantitation of microalgal lipids has significant advantages over traditional methods for screening of high lipid-content strains. Our data implied that the sensitivity and versatility enable this method a useful tool in screening of lipid-content microalgae.

Abstract: Community-based management(co-management) is a new nature resources management mode for nature resources protection since 90's of 20 centuries. Dawan village, which is adjacent to Taibai Mountain National Nature Reserve located in Mei county of Shaanxi Province, China, is one of the first experimental villages to implement co-management. Based on the investigation, the problems of co-management in Dawan village was analyzed. Accordingly, suggestions were proposed to improve co-management in law, investment, residents’ perception and participation, incentive, NGO’s role, and monitoring system aspects.

Abstract: ACE inhibitory activities of water extracts from mycelia of 6 kinds of mushrooms in liquid fermentation were investigated. All strains cultivated in shaking flask containing liquid medium, and yield of mycelia ranged from 0.051 to 1.392 g mycelia/day/L liquid medium in average. Resulting mycelia were extracted with distilled water at 50°Cfor 200 min, and the yield of water extracts from mycelia ranged from 287.475 to 490.088 mg/g dried mycelia. These water extracts were used to assay their ACE inhibitory activity. Results showed that their IC50 values ranged from 1.277 to 5.250 mg/ml. The difference among IC50 values of these water extracts were significant (p<0.05 or p<0.001). Lactarius camphorates (IC50: 1.646±0.061mg/mL) was the specie which had relatively lower IC50 value than others, as well as relatively higher water extract yield. The results highlighted the potential for making antihypertensive functional foods or drugs from liquid cultured mycelia of Lactarius camphorates.

Abstract: According to single factor preliminary test, selecting factors and levels, and based on the design principles of Box-Benhnken, the effects were studied from extracting pressure, extracting temperature extracting time and concentration of ethanol, as the entrainer, to the yields of aucutin in eucommia seed meal by four factors and three levels response surface methodology. The optimal extracting conditions for aucutin extraction in eucommia seed meal were as followed: extracting pressure 27MPa, extracting temperature 50°C, extracting time 120min, entrainer (ethanol) concentration 80%. And the average yields of aucutin in eucommia seed meal was 1.9510% under the processing conditions.

Abstract: Antioxidant activities of acetone and methyl ethyl ketone extracts from leaves of Schisandra chinensis, one of traditional Chinese medicine consumed in the eastnorth region of China, were examined by a DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging assay and a β-carotene-linoleic acid test. In DPPH, the antioxidant activity of the acetone extracts, methyl ethyl ketone extracts and derivative were superior to that of control with IC50 were 256.54, 342.28 and 124.32μg/mL, respectively. In the β-carotene-linoleic acid test, IC50 were 278.29, 384.12 and 145.25μg/mL. It was concluded that Schisandra chinensis and its derivatives might be a potential natural source of antioxidants.

Abstract: R. ferrugineus is one of exotic insects attacking Palmae plants，especially to Phoenix canariensi, am important ornamental trees.The symptom of morphological characters of R. ferrugineus were described，the effect of the temperature on the development of this insect was studied. Based on the capture of R. ferrugineus adults by bait, we investigated the happen of the pest in Fujian.

Abstract: The method for extraction of mulberry anthocyanin with assistance of microwave was studied systematically and the extraction condition was optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: 0.1% HCl - 55% ethanol was as extraction solvent, the extraction time was 267 s and the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:30. Under these conditions, the actual yield of anthocyanin was 2.098 mg/g. In addition, the order of factors effecting extraction of mulberry anthocyanin with assistance of microwave from big to small was the extraction time, the concentration of extraction solvent and the ratio of solid to liquid.

Abstract: Based on remote sensing image, the spectral information of urban Greenbelt in Guangzhou City was extracted from TM image by ENVI4.7. After finishing image preprocessing, then used 4 methods (such as principal component analysis, tasseled cap transformation, the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) method, SOFM artifical neutral network method) extract greenbelt information of Guangzhou City, and compared the images produced by four methods, according to the actual situation of the study area, we find that SOFM neutral network has the best classification effect.

Abstract: This work explored a new water bath stimulating method to extract coelomic fluid from active Eisenia foetida. Coelomic fluid discharge amount and the coelomic fluid activity were tested to obtain the optimum extraction temperature (ET) and time. The maximum amount of coelomic fluid was obtained at 42 oC, at which vermis is exact activity, while the vermis activity is inhibited at 44 oC and even the vermis comprehensive death is observed at 46 oC, therefore the optimum ET is 42 oC; the optimum extraction time is 7 a.m. and 6 p.m for which the volume of coelomic fluid is the most. When extracted from coelomic fluid at 7 a.m and 11a.m, 60 times and 10 times diluted solution obtained the highest generation rate; when it is at 3 p.m., 10 and 100 dilution times is the best; when it is at 1 p.m., 30 and 200 dilution times is the best, and 30-80 dilution times is the optimal when it is from 3 p.m..