Advanced Materials Research Vols. 610-613

Abstract: In this paper, the hemicelluloses extraction of bagasse with NaOH/borax was studied, and some parameters which may affect the hemicelluloses yield and properties were discussed, such as alkali charge, borax charge, liquid-to-solid ratio, temperature and time of extraction. The compositions and characteristics of hemicelluloses were analyzed by FT-IR, GC, GPC. The results showed that compared with the conventional alkali extraction, the hemicelluloses dissolution rate was increased and degradation degree of the hemicelluloses was decreased with NaOH/borax. When the alkali charge was 65%(based on NaOH)and borax charge was 7% at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 15:1 at 90 °C for 180 min, the dissolution rate of hemicelluloses up to 84.5% (to the hemicelluloses content in material).

Abstract: The SPSS19.0 software was used to analyse the data of enclosure experiments last for 7 days in summer of 2011. Water temperature increase as a factor to establish the statistical model, and the response relation of thermal discharge warming and Coscinodiscus Jonesianus biomass was analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that, it would promote Coscinodiscus Jonesianus growth and reproduction with the water warming at 0.2°C to 0.79°C , which would be restrained at the water warming at 0.8°C to 2.0°C. When the water temperature increase 0.1°C, 0.4°C and 0.7°Cwill respectively result in Coscinodiscus Jonesianus biomass grow 216.12%, 72.87% and 15.05%. While the water temperature increase 1.0°C, 1.5°C and 2.0°C will respectively result in Coscinodiscus Jonesianus biomass reduce 6.38%, 17.95% and 26.17%.

Abstract: AIM：To investigate the chemical constituents of Illicium dunnianum. METHODS: A series of flavonoids were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical and spectral data. RESULTS: Ten known flavonoids were isolated and identified as isoliquiritigenin (1), 7, 4′-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy flavanone (2), 3-(2, 4-dihydroxybenzyl)-5,7-dihydroxychroman-4-one (3), (3R)-5, 7-dihydroxy- 3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)- 6-methyl-chroman-4-one (4), 2, 5-dihydroxy-7-hydroxymethyl isoflavone (5), galangin (6), pinocembrin (7), kaempferol (8), 5,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxy catechin (9) and isorhamnetin (10). All of the compounds were isolated from this species for the first time.

Abstract: Economic development and environmental protection is an indivisible unity, environment protection is the basis of economic and social development. Agro-ecological environment protection is an important guarantee for comprehensive, coordinated, and sustainable development of agriculture. The development of ecological agriculture is the objective needs of sustainable agricultural development strategy and agricultural modernization. Considering the ecological problems of agricultural production, our laboratory had conducted production comparative experiment using Rela No. 4 pepper, the results showed that drip irrigation, balanced fertilization in different growth stages, the implementation of the crop rotation system, and physical control technology of pests were effective measures to achieve ecological cultivation of pepper in Hainan.

Abstract: Four different extraction methods, solvent extraction, ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction, Soxhlet extraction and supercritical CO₂ extraction, were used to extract oil from Macadamia integrifolia, which also named Macadamia nut oil. Fatty acid compositions of Macadamia nut oil were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed the highest extraction rate was 74.63% via Soxhlet extraction, while supercritical CO₂ extraction was 70.53%, ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction was 57.19% and Solvent extraction was 50.37%. Six unsaturated fatty acids, including Z-9-Hexadecenoic acid, E-11-Hexadecenoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, E-9-Octadecenoic acid and 9-eicosenoate, were identified in the oil by GC-MS．The relative extraction rate of unsaturated fatty acids were 36.53%, 44.21%, 60.62%, 56.81%, respectively. Though the extraction rate was the highest via Soxhlet extraction, the relative content of Z-9-Hexadecenoic acid and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid were both higher extracted by supercritical CO₂ extraction than Soxhlet extraction, which were 15.38% and 1.55%,. As supercritical CO₂ extraction has no solvent residual problem, it would be the trend of the development in_{Subscript text} the future to extract Macadamia nut oil.

Abstract: Optimization conditions for ultrasonic extraction of phenolics from litchi seed were studied using response surface methodology. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to determine the effects of extraction temperature, methanol concentration and extraction time on yield of phenolics. Then a quadratic regression model was developed and found to be statistically significant by examining its adequacy. According to the model, the maximum yield of phenolics was obtained at the theoretical extraction conditions described as follows: extraction temperature 90°C, methanol concentration 59% and extraction time 70 min. Under this condition, the experimental value was 5.48 ± 0.03% (n = 3) with gallic acid as the equivalent, which agreed with the predicted value (5.52%) closely.

Abstract: Development of chitosan as a thickener for direct printing of natural dye on cotton fabric was investigated. Chitosan was applied as a thickener at various concentrations and its effect on the print properties was determined in comparison with the typical printing thickener, sodium alginate. The results exhibited that chitosan affected the fabric properties by increasing fabric yellowness and stiffness. However, with increasing chitosan concentrations, the yellowness reduced only marginally. Direct printing on cotton fabric with 3% Natural Chestnut at varying chitosan concentrations showed that the optimum chitosan concentration for the printing was at 3%w/v, being equivalent to the viscosity of 17,800 mPa. The 3%w/v chitosan imparted the ultimate color yield, print outline sharpness and a minimal dye bleeding on the unprinted area of the fabric. Use of chitosan concentration higher than 3%w/v led to poor print properties on the fabric. The efficiency as a thickener of chitosan was found to be superior to sodium alginate. A high color yield and good color fastness properties on cotton fabric were rendered in the case of chitosan thickener at the same applied concentration with sodium alginate.

Abstract: The changes of chlorophyll, malondialdehyde(MDA) and the catalase(CAT) activity in mature leaves of a common urban roadside greening plant------- Buxus sinica were studied. The results show that under automobile exhaust polluted environment, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll decreased while the content of MDA and the activity of CAT increased. These changes have correlation with the automobile exhaust pollution.

Abstract: The study on the wetland plant species and their resistance is the key to ecological wastewater treatment technology. The study on the effects of wastewater duress on the physical and chemical properties of constructed wetland plants and the anti-stress capability of constructed wetland plants can provide theoretical basis and technical support for constructed wetland plant material selection. By adopting surface flow constructed wetland system, the effects are studied on MDA in 4 common plants in Shandong (Phragmites communis, Typha oriental, Arundo donax and Canna generalis) in different wastewater duress time. The results show: All in all, Phragmites communis and Canna generalis have stronger anti-stress capability, while Arundo donax and Typha oriental has weaker anti-stress capability; but as wastewater duress time increases, the anti-stress capability of Phragmites communis decreases, while the anti-stress capability of Canna generalis increases.

Abstract: The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomus mosseae) on plant dry weights, sucrose and glucose concentrations, and sucrose-metabolizing enzyme (AI-acid invertase; NI-neutral invertase; SS-sucrose synthase) activities were examined in young citrus (Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka) seedlings. After three months of mycorrhizal inoculation, root mycorrhizal colonization was 55.32%. Inoculation with G. mosseae significantly increased shoot and root dry weights and sucrose and glucose concentrations in leaf and root, compared with non-AMF seedlings. AMF colonization was significantly positively correlated with glucose and sucrose concentrations of leaf and root, suggesting that AM symbosis alters carbohydrate concentrations to sustain symbiosis development. On the other hand, AMF colonization significantly increased root AI and leaf SS activities, but decreased leaf AI and NI activities and root NI and SS activities. Based on the correlation analysis, it assumes that AMF regulated the carbohydrate concentrations for the plant growth and mycorrhizal development through altering activities of the sucrose-metabolizing enzymes.