Advanced Materials Research Vols. 610-613

Abstract: Acid mine drainage (AMD) has properties of extreme acidification, quantities of sulfate and elevated levels of soluble heavy metals. It was a widespread environmental problem that caused adverse effects to the qualities of ground water and surface water. In the past decades, most of investigations were focused on the heavy metals as their toxicities for human and animals. As another main constitution of AMD, sulfate ion is nontoxic, yet high concentration of sulfate ion can cause many problems such as soil acidification, metal corrosion and health problems. More attention should be paid on the sulfate ion when people focus on the AMD. In the paper, sulfate removal mechanisms include adsorption, precipitation, co-precipitation and biological reduction were analyzed and summarized. Meanwhile, the remediation technologies, especially the applications of them in China were also presented and discussed.

Abstract: The public eco-environmental protection awareness is a reflection of social morals standard and an important symbol of modern civilization. It is an important strategic measure to enhance the entire national eco-environmental protection awareness for eco-environmental protection in China. Understand the level of community residences’ eco-environmental awareness can provide the scientific basis and background to carry out good eco-environmental education.This paper utilized the method of questionnaire to investigate community residences’ eco-environmental protection awareness in the Jiajin Mountains Giant Panda Sanctuary. It analyzed the problems existed in the eco-environmental protection awareness of community residence in the Jiajin Mountains Giant Panda Sanctuary and found out the cause of the problem. The results showed that the knowledge awareness for environmental protection, the level of awareness of the eco-environmental concerns, the awareness of participating in eco-environmental protection and the eco-environmental behavior is high. The majority of community residences are lack of the ecology environmental protection laws knowledge. And the government and community are lack of propaganda about the eco-environment protection knowledge and policies. Finally, several measurements for improving community residences’ eco-environmental protection awareness level were proposed to protect the eco-environment.

Abstract: Daqing city is a city which was constructed on wetlands, wetland water environment plays an important role in the ecological health and environmental safety of the whole Daqing city. Therefore, comprehensive pollution index and single factor pollution index were employed to investigate the spatial-temporal variation of the water quality in this paper. The order of the comprehensive pollution index in the year was as follows: summer (16.19)> autumn(14.19) > spring(13.11). The comprehensive pollution index of TN was the highest among the five parameters, reaching14.05, while the comprehensive pollution index of BOD5 was the lowest, with an average of 4.5. In spatial terms, the order of pollution was as follows: prime areas> middle areas>terminal areas. This showed wetland better purification of water quality.

Abstract: From Aug. 12th to 14th 2009, the catastrophic giant debris flow occurred in Hongchun gully Yingxiu town Wenchuan County, Du-Wen higyway in the period of heavy storm. It has cut off the Du-wen highway traffic totally and weir of Ming River became the damming body, which diverted the river plug body and rushed into Yingxiu doxens of new houses. The overflow river isolated Yingxiu towm serious and threat the post-disaster reconstruction triumph.It have important significance that to study the basic features，the deformation and failure mechanism ，the types and countermeasures to prevent and control the scale, the prevention and cure of high seismic intensity of debris flow in Hongchun gully. Base on the researches of geo-hazards background, conditions and basic features with the example of Hongchun gully debris flow, the author Analyzed the formation mechanism of debris flow and specific reason of blocking river and breaking highway, forecasted that causes of development of debris flow, also analyzed the stability of material sources in Hongchun gully’s debris flow. Then the author put forward that the formation of debris flow in Hongchun gully and blocking of Minjiang River are related closely to rich loose material sources induced by Wenchuan earthquake, the heavy rainfall, and its unique landform. Researches show that the giant debris flow in Hongchun gully started from Ganxipu lateral ditch in the upstream, the materials collected and dam-broke, It collected the material sources of the main ditch, crushed into Minjiang River, joined with the material sources of Shaofan gully debris flow in the river-upstream, blocked river and became dam lake. In a word,it is necessary to strengthen the control of the debris flow because that it is very rich material sources in Hongchun gully, and prevent hazard of the debris flow burst again.

Abstract: The export coefficient method was used to calculate the nitrogen pollution load of Damintun town from 2005 to 2007. As the results show Damintun town's 3 years mean non-point source pollution nitrogen load was 749.6 t•a-1 including crop farming 505.4 t•a-1, livestock-raising 176.5 t•a-1 and inhabitants living 67.7 t•a-1 which account for 67.4%, 23.5% and 9.0% of the total nitrogen load respectively. A field survey was carried out to test the result got from the export coefficient method. Same as the conclusion got from export coefficient model, the nitrate nitrogen concentration distribution map drawn by the field survey data indicated that planting was the main nitrogen load source of Damintun town. To reduce the nitrogen load in Damintun town area rational fertilization is the principal way.

Abstract: This study investigated the latitudinal, longitudinal and altitudinal distribution of 6 kinds of representative forests in China: Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Castanopsis eyrei forests are distributed in subtropical region; Quercus liaotungensis, Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana are eurychoric species, which are mainly distributed in temperate and warm temperate zone. Significant correlation between the horizontal zonality and forests are only observed for the 3 widely distributed forests, the reason could be the limit of heat and moisture. There’s no clear correlation between the 3 subtropical forests and horizontal zonality, for our data’s geographic locations and human’s impacts.

Abstract: Hickory (Carya cathayensis) is an important ornamental tree in China. Crossbreeding is carried out with hickory as female parent, pollinating with pecan (C. illinoensis) pollen and other different types of pollen treatments. Fruit set percentage, fruits and seeds characters, pollen germination in vitro and situ and identification of seedling using AFLP and RAPD are studied in order to get pollination characteristics on hickory. The results showed that hickory and pecan pollens were not germination on 14 different components media. Hickory pollens start germinating on the female flower stigma pollinated after 8 h and universal after 24 h using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There is a small amount of fruits under cover treatment, without-pollination treatment and 2, 4-D treatment. The rate of fruit setting is the biggest up to 42.2% when female flowers are pollinated with mixed pollen within populations on hickory. Among harvested fruits and seeds, fruit phenotypic characteristics show large variation when pollinating with pecan. Fruits and seeds weight and size are significant difference comparing with the control. The frequency of polyembryony is about 9.04%. Offsprings of C. cathayensis × C. illinoensis are not true hybrids using AFLP and RAPD analysis. The variation of fruits is due to xenia effect. These results suggested that apomixis mechanism might exist on hickory.

Abstract: A Study on the volume and water-holding properties of Litter Layer for Larix Kaempferi Forests of Eastern Region in Liaoning Province. It was showed that the vo1ume and water-holding capability of the litter layer for the 6 forest type are all indicating to the semi-decomposed litter higher than the undercomposed litter. The litter vo1ume of different forest types was ranged from 27.24 t•hm-2 to 50.00 t•hm^-2, the maximum was the cloudy slope of the half-mature forest, the minimum was the sunny slope of young forest. Different forest types’ litter layer exhibited significant different in water-holding capacity, the undecomposed litter layer displayed for the cloudy slope of the half-mature forest had maximum water-holding capacity which reached 29.74 t•hm-2, and the minimum was 14.78 t•hm-2 which came from the sunny slope of young forest. For the semi-decomposed litter layer, the maximum was the cloudy slope of the near-mature forest, which reached 29.74 t•hm-2 and the minimum was only 29.86 t•hm-2 came from the sunny slope of the young forest. By carefully analysis of experimental results and fitted relational expression of test data, we could get the equation was WA=a t b between rate of water absorbability of litter and immersion time in different forest types.

Abstract: Song Shan forest park, one of the most valuable forest park in China, possesses a particular natural resource. It causes more and more attention of tourists now. Natural resources and the humanities environment should be fully utilized in its exploitation, for maintaining long-term stability of the forest park. In this paper sustainable development was used as the target, ecology principle was taken as the standard. By calculating three contents of environmental capacity for tourism, forest resources value and ecological footprint in the forest park, the ecological function of Song Shan forest park was analyzed systematically. Based on the problem existed currently, some suggestions and measures have been given to its sustainable development.

Abstract: Forests can play an important role in mitigating the impacts of climate change by reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide.The purpose of this study is to quantified carbon storage and sequestration by forests and carbon emissions from energy consumption by several energy types in Tianjin,China,as well as the role of forests on offsetting carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion.Data used for this study were collected according to the sixth national forest inventory(1999-2003) and China energy statistical yearbook.The results showed that the forests including natural forests and plantation forests in Tianjin stored 571,151.24 t C,with a carbon sequestration rate of 27,311.79 t C/yr. carbon storage per ha was 14.65 t C, and carbon sequestration per ha was 0.87 t C/yr. Carbon emissions from energy consumption in Tianjin were 3.85×107 t C /yr. The carbon stored by forests equaled to 1.48% of the annual carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion, and carbon sequestration could offset 0.07% of the annual carbon emissions in Tianjin. In addition, the results indicates that the carbon storage and sequestration rate varied among forest types with different species and age structure. They provide insights for decision-makers and the public to better understand the role of forests, and make better management plans for forests.