Advanced Materials Research Vol. 664

Abstract: The aim of the research is to study the changes of soil properties during the process of wetland restoration, and evaluate the results or effect of wetland restoration. Soil samples were collected from both restored and unrestored wetlands in Shuangtaizi estuary, and then we compared seasonal changes of soil properties in these two areas. The results indicated a significant increase of NH4-N, whereas TP(total phosphorous) declined slightly in restored wetland. In addition, significant seasonal variations of SOM(soil organic matter) and nutrients were exhibited in restored and unrestored wetlands especially in July and August. Meanwhile, we found that C/P ratio in restored wetland increased in summer and reduced in September. All these have suggested that soil properties and nutrients proportions were changed after the restoration, which would be more conductive for soil ecological function.

Abstract: In this paper, the soil simulation pot experiment was carried out. The self-made cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) compound contaminated soil was taken as the test soil, and wheat was taken as the test plant. The Cd and Pb concentrations in different parts of wheat under jointing stage, booting stage, flowering stage, and mature period were measured, and enrichment characteristics of wheat to Cd and Pb under different growth stages were analyzed. The results showed that Cd and Pb contents in wheat roots were the greatest, while the contents in nutritive organ seeds were the least. Sequence of Cd and Pb contents in various parts of wheat was: roots> stems & leaves> rice husks> seeds. Cd and Pb contents in various parts of wheat plant gradually grew in the entire growth period, which reached the maximum at mature stage. According to the transfer coefficient and enrichment factor analysis, ability of wheat roots to enrich heavy metals Cd and Pb was stronger than that of stems & leaves, rice husks and seeds. In the transfer process of heavy metals Cd and Pb from soil to root, the transfer ability sequence was Cd > Pb.

Abstract: Flow cytometry was applied in the study of the groups and spatial distribution characteristics of the fine particles in Bantou—Shidou Reservoir, a subtropical reservoir in Xiamen,China. The fine organic autotrophic particles in reservoir could be divided into four groups conspicuously: R2 group in the smallest size with much phycoerythrin but little chlorophyll; R1 and R4 groups in relatively large size: R1 group with certain phycoerythrin and chlorophyll, while R4 group with no phycoerythrin but much chlorophyll; R3 group in the largest size with certain phycoerythrin and a large amount of chlorophyll. All the sampling stations in Shidou ( upper reaches) and Bantou ( lower reaches) reservoirs contain maximum R1 group with quantity between 35.41-46.85×106 ind/L and 23.39-43.02×106 ind/L; and minimum R3 group with quantity between 0.20-0.58×106 ind/L and 0.22-0.78×106 ind/L. The quantity of fine organic autotrophic particles is larger than that of organic azoic particles and inorganic particles. In view of the spatial distribution, R1 and R3 groups distribute unevenly in Shidou reservoir, while R2 and R4 groups change a little in quantity in different sampling stations and distribute much evenly. Moreover, in Bantou reservoir, R1, R2 and R3 groups distribute unevenly in the sampling stations, while R4 group distributes relatively evenly. The fast and multi-parameter detection capacity of Flow cytometry provides a much effective mean for the research on water fine organic autotrophic particles.

Abstract: Taking urban population and area of urban built-up zones as parameters, a quantitative analysis about anthropogenic landscapes process in different urbanization stages is performed. Through the analysis result, the characteristics of the landscapes process of urbanization as well as the relationship between urbanization in different stages and landscapes process are summarized.

Abstract: The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sludge in aerobic fermentation process is affected by many factors, and the pile body pH value is one of the important factors. Through the test of mixing lime pile body regulating pH value (7.7, 8.2, 9), the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation effect was researched under the different pH conditions and the same of the other aerobic fermentation conditions. The results showed that, pH=7.7 test device (not mixing lime ) on PAHs degradation effect was best, worst was the pH=8.2 test device, the sludge degradation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons effect is negative effect.

Abstract: Building a harmonious society is the main theme of China's development. Package, as a main part of economic and cultural development, brings a great deal of disharmonious factors to the environment sustainable development. The materials needed in packaging industry, the production process, and the packaging waste are all undoubtedly increase the difficulty and pressure of environmental protection. The involved factors in packaging industry that affect the environment were analyzed systematically. And based on the analysis, the way that can release the pollution of package on the environment were brought forward from the design, material selection, process to the research of new technology and even the regulations to establish. Packaging would develop harmoniously with the environment with our efforts.

Abstract: In order to study the effects of the newly-built ecological spur dikes on spring phytoplankton in Wangyu River, a riverway of water diversion project from Yangtze River to Taihu Lake, triple samplings were carried out in eleven sites from the near and upper water around the ecological spur dikes in April and May, 2011. The samples were collected to investigate the species and density of phytoplankton. Meanwhile, some environmental factors, such as temperature, pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) were determined. Indices of Simpson (D), Shannon-Wiener (H), Pielou (J) and Margalef (Dm) were used to analyze the change regulations of phytoplankton diversity. H, J, Dm were also used to evaluated the water quality, and they were 2.873, 0.532, 3.037. The results indicated that the composition of phytoplankton species was similar to the typical character of large or medium rivers. Based on the diversity indices, higher biological plankton diversity and better water quality emerged near the dikes. Results of this research supplied a theory for building ecological spur dikes to improve water quality of large or medium rivers and also provided a basis of using phytoplankton to monitor changes of water quality.

Abstract: In order to study the purifying effects and influences on nitrogen caused by natural riparian wetlands in the river course, Cao Lake and Ezhen Lake in Wangyu River were selected as the main research regions. Samplings in the transfer period with a large flow in May, 2010 were taken in the sites over the whole wetland area and along the main river course, respectively. Observations on the physicochemical indexes such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), turbidity, suspended solid(SS), total nitrogen (TN), total dissolved nitrogen(DTN), ammonia, nitrate and nitrite were performed to analyze the concentration and chemical forms variations, regional difference of nitrogen nutrient in the river water column. Results are showed as follows: (1) As the water flowed through Cao Lake and Ezhen Lake, the TN、DTN and nitrate showed a trend of descending (descending proportion: 10.45%, 17.85%, 7.62% in Ehen Lake, 9.09%, 7.17%, 7.60% in Cao Lake). The overall removal effects of nitrogen in Ezhen Lake was better than that in Cao Lake, but the retaining effect of ammonia in Cao Lake was better than that in Ezhen Lake. (2) The nitrogen existed in the water mainly in the forms of DTN and the rates on TN were 88.0% and 91.4%, respectively, higher than that of particle nitrogen, but the rates would decrease for the sedimentation of particle nitrogen in the vertical distribution.(3) Water temperature, pH and DO were the dominant factors that affected the purifying effects of nitrogen in the riparian areas. The research showed the obvious retaining effects of nitrogen and evident influences on the nutrients forms variations in the river water column. The results could provide theoretical foundation and technical support for nitrogen purification in the river course.

Abstract: Following deepened exploration and development in Shengli exploration area, seismic data requirements are also getting higher and higher. However, in recent years the difference of Xiaoqing river on both sides have made us know that the importance of this problem. In view of the above, this task is aimed at quaternary shallow of old river course within Xiaoqing River. Our analysis of lithology and sedimentary characteristics are using static cone penetration test and rock core exploration method, and we want to reappear near surface deposition of old river course within Xiaoqing River. The research is close combined with the exploration demand and theoretical study, so it has important theoretical and practical significance.

Abstract: Presence of atmospheric PAHs in urban and suburban region (Beijing, China) was studied in April and July 2011. Forty-four pairs of gas and particle (TSP) phase samples were collected every six day by high volume (Hi-Vol) air samplers at four sampling sites, and determined separately by GC/MS based on USEPA Method TO-13A. Average total concentration (gas + particles) of PAHs (T-PAHs) was 135.1±49.0 ng/m3 and 181.2±40.9 ng/m3 in April and July, respectively. Gas phase PAHs (G-PAHs) was the major fraction, comprising 63–92% of T-PAHs. Lighter (2-, 3-, 4-ring) and heavier (5-,6-ring) PAHs were found predominantly in gas and particle phase, respectively. 2- to 6- ring PAHs contributed 10%, 53%, 26%, 7% and 4% of T-PAHs, respectively. Five major PAHs, naphthalene (NAP), fluorene (FLU), PHE, fluoranthene (FLA), and pyrene (PYR) contributed 70 – 90% of T-PAHs. G-PAHs increased significantly while PAHs in particle phase (P-PAHs) decreased from April to July. Volatilization from soil and more emission from power generation increase might explain the increase of G-PAHs, and the washout of P-PAHs along with particles might explain the decrease of P-PAHs. Given particulate organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) being well correlated, P-PAHs was moderately correlated with OC and EC, suggesting that there were other mechanisms contributing to P-PAHs different from those of OC/EC. Significant correlation between P-PAHs with SO2 and NO2 suggested coal combustion and automobile exhaust to be contamination contributors.