Advanced Materials Research Vol. 664

Abstract: The Cladophora genus comprises macro benthic green algae, widely distributed in estuaries, rivers, and lakes around the world. It is often a dominant species and influences environmental and ecological systems. Cladophora is a biological material with great development potential due mainly to its significant biomass and the ease with which it can be harvested. Furthermore, because it can live on various carriers or vectors, the growth conditions of Cladophora can affect the group to which it belongs. To investigate the growth of the Cladophora group in the natural environment, this study endeavored to (1) observe the biomass accumulation of Cladophora glomerata on varying substrates, (2) determine whether substrate roughness has an impact on the attachment of C. glomerata, and (3) identify the relationship between the attachment of pioneer diatoms and C. glomerata. Five types of substrate were selected (glass slide, glazed tile, marble, unglazed tile, and wood) and placed in the natural habitat of C. glomerata, a sub-tropical river. After thirty days, unglazed tile produced the largest biomass of 2332.2 dry weight mg/m2, followed by wood (1744.3 dry weight mg/m2), marble (158.1dry weight mg/m2), glass slide (90.7dry weight mg/m2), and glazed tile(36.3 dry weight mg/m2). The results of this study indicate that the type and roughness of the substrate both influence the attachment of C. glomerata and the subsequent development of its population. The existence of biofilm formed by pioneer diatoms on the substrate is also beneficial to the epiphytic growth of C. glomerata. Moreover, the development of pioneer diatoms is associated with the type of substrate and its silicon content.

Abstract: The technical and economic analysis of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and biochemical process for Lurgi coal gasification wastewater (LCGW) treatment were carried out. The findings include the analysis of flow sheet, effluent quality and operation cost of the two processes. Studies show that the SCWO process is more simply and easier to control than the biochemical process. The effluent treated with SCWO process could reach national discharge standard I (GB 8978-1996) without other pretreatment and advanced processes, and could gain 2.3 yuan RMB/t(LCGW). While the operation cost of biochemical treatment is 41.8 yuan YMB/t(LCGW). The SCWO process shows a unique advantage in both technology and economy and will be a promising technique for LCGW treatment.

Abstract: Due to the uncertainty and complexity of the causes in reservoir-induced seismicity, the relationship between the environmental factor and the possible earthquake magnitude can be described by membership function. This study aims to propose a fuzzy method to contribute the membership function in which the normal cloud model is applied. Firstly, the cloud model is introduced in detail. Based on normal cloud model, the one-to-many mapping model is presented to deal with the fuzziness and randomness in the membership function. Finally, the case study in Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir is presented to illustrate the membership cloud function in fuzzy risk assessment of reservoir-induced seismicity. The obtained results show that the proposed method is the viable approaches in solving the problem when the memberships are vague and imprecise.

Abstract: Crop straw is of great interest economically in Anhui Province due to its potential value as biological resources, industrial raw material, and alternative fuel. In 2008, over 40 million tons of crop straw was produced in Anhui province, 89% of which was from Jianghuai and Huaibei regions with rice, wheat and rape as the major species. So far, crop straw has been used as fertilizer supplement, culture media for edible fungi, and livestock feed in Anhui province. Crop straw is also the fourth largest energy resource on the Earth. Potential for such resource has yet to be fully explored due to lack of research funding, logistic transportation and technology. Enormous challenges remain ahead if crop straw is to be used as an alternative fuel for energy production.

Abstract: The serious problems of resources and environment arising in development of human society have important ties with the scientific understanding of mankind toward the law of resource utilization. The author has demonstrated, based on the division of human resource utilization in depth and breadth spaces, the material form and nature of the depth and breadth space resources; and put forward the time model of the depth and breadth space resource utilization——a time demarcation and analysis of human resource utilization, with which we can see in the other sphere the various states of the influences of resource utilization by mankind to the environment. The continuous extension and utilization of depth space resource at one point is the core content of new explanation to resource utilization in phenomenon of “work”. The time model of the breadth space takes the carbon cycling as the example and divides the resource material cycling into three stages. The analysis by the author offers us an audio-visual and comparatively new “cross-section” in the research of depth and breadth space resource utilization, also a new and systematic explanation to the law of resource utilization.

Abstract: Sediment is an important ecological part of the lake and has a high storage capacity. Based on the cognition of Nansi Lake, this article presents the main sediment internal pollution in Nansi Lake, including nutrient pollutants, heavy metal pollutants and persistent organic pollutants, then make some countermeasures to control pollution, which has certain guidance to the improvement of environmental contamination in Nansi Lake.

Abstract: In the material world we live in, all the substances are all in a status of motion and circulation. There is a temporal definition and analysis between the utilization of energy and other resources by human and its influence on motion, circulation of substances and the environment. Based on such definition and analysis, we can see a different state of human’s influence of resources utilization on environment at another level. The deep analysis and definition are made on depth space resources utilization at an angle of temporal dimension of energy and resources utilization.

Abstract: Best Management Practices (BMPs) is a good way to control pollution source. Now many BMPs have been collected and stored in database. But they are not available directly by managers due to cognitive differences. In order to recommend suitable BMP to water environment managers for treating specific contaminated river, we model BMP knowledge with ontology. In the paper, we introduce ontology building process, and a wastewater BMP ontology is built and integrated into an environment management decision-making support system. In the end, a BMP recommendation case study is also presented.

Abstract: Corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar were used as an adsorbent, duly affected by the condition of diverse concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, response times, the pH and temperature levels. The study focused on the adsorption characteristics of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar, which demonstrated that the adsorption rate of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar is higher in the initial response. The adsorption quantity rises quickly and attains equilibrium after 4 hours. The adsorbance, once stable was found to be 753.29mg/kg for corn straw biochar and 1003.70mg/kg for peanut shell biochar.The adsorption characteristics of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar are more fitted to the Freundlich equation (Freundlich adsorption isotherm), within the limits of pH 5 to9. The adsorption of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar increased with the increase in the pH and temperature. The adsorption effectiveness of peanut shell biochar is better than corn straw biochar.

Abstract: Based on formaldehyde testing of 100 households of Wuhan city,as well as questionnaire survey,and compared with China's "indoor air quality standards"(GB/T18883-2002), the results show that26 households reach the standard,74 households are not up to the standard, including 24 suites of high or more pollution.Analyzed the cause of excessive formaldehyde, the conclusion is that among the quantity and quality of decorated board, wall treatment mode, the quantity and quality of buying or making furniture,and vacant housing ventilation time, any of these factors are likely to cause high levels of formaldehyde, only each factor is controlled within reasonable limits, formaldehyde may be standard.Finally several low-cost,easy operation improvement measures and recommendations are put forward to help residents control or prevent indoor formaldehyde pollution.