Advanced Materials Research Vols. 671-674

Abstract: Lead is a common pollutant found in soil. The characteristics of lead contaminated soil may vary depending on various sources of lead pollutants and different soils. In this research, samples were collected from soils contaminated by lead of different sources including discarded slag, lead smelting plant and gunnery firing range for conducting characteristic analyses. The samples were also subject to washing using seven different cleaning agents including acids such as HNO3 and HCl, cationic exchangers such as AlCl3, FeCl3, CaCl2 and MgCl2, as well chelating agent such as EDTA-4Na to study the efficiency of these agents of removing leads of various bindings in the contaminated soil. The results show that he most effective cleaning agents are HNO3, HCl, and EDTA-4Na, FeCl3 and AlCl3 for the exchangeable fraction of lead, HNO3, HCl and FeCl3 for carbonate bond fraction of lead, HNO3, HCl followed by EDTA-4Na and FeCl3 for Fe-Mn oxides bond fraction of lead; HNO3, HCl and FeCl3 for the organic bond fraction lead and HCl for the residual fraction of lead.

Abstract: Based on the high concentration of methanol wastewater in the process of natural gas exploitation in Shan Bei gas field, considering the blank of no methanol concentration controlling in our industrial wastewater reinjection stratigraphic standard, is conducted investigation on the concentration of methanol wastewater reinjection stratigraphic in Shan Bei gas field. According to the sampling analysis of the locale methanol wastewater, the methanol concentration in the air of reinjection operating room is determined by GC-MS method as 420mg/m3 , the methanol concentration of wastewater is 51670 mg/L. Using the risk assessment principle, adopting the probability statistical method and Monte-Carlo stimulation method, health risk assessment is conducted for operators, aiming at the process of methanol wastewater reinjection formation of this concentration, then the result shows that the methanol wastewater of this concentration will cause unacceptable health risk for operating personnel, the life time health risk is 1.93E-04, the average annual health risk is 2.75E-06. Considering methanol dose on both exposure and reference basis for humans, combining the corresponding risk representation models, and the permissible discharging concentration of methanol wastewater which dose not cause health risk for operating personnel during reinjection stratigraphic process is proposed, this concentration can be determined as the limit value for methanol wastewater reinjection stratigraphic to provide a reference for methanol wastewater discharge standards domestically as well.

Abstract: The entironment is deteriorating increasingly in north of Shaanxi Yushenfu mine with coal mining cosmically. The causation is the lapse of groundwater owing to mining. Water conservation mining has been the exigent request. Aiming at the need of water conversation mining in north of Shaanxi shallow seam mine, this article found key protecting strata criterion of water conservation mining according as the moving law of overburden rock and the mechanics model of fixed beam. The water conservation mine method in different overburden rock mine was put forward with the condition of no destroying water protecting strata. The feasibility of the key protecting strata criterion was validated using the choice of water conservation mine method in two different overburden rock frame mine in north of Shaanxi shallow seam mine. At the time, validating the computational result applying similitude simulation test and numerical simulation. The key protecting criterion offers a theoretic computational method for the choice of water protecting mining in different overburden rock frame mine.

Abstract: The experimental material is source-separated municipal solid waste. Remaining waste from primary assortment is compressed into RDF with mechanical molding equipment. We used high-temperature tube furnace for pyrolysis experiment of RDF. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, material composition, choice of additives and the content of the additive on the productivity of pyrolysis for these samples were investigated; the variation trend of content for K and Na elements in semi-coke was analyzed under various factors. The results show that adding plastics, CaO or DHC-32 is conductive to improve the effect of RDF pyrolysis. Increasing pyrolysis temperature is in favor of the process of pyrolysis reaction, meanwhile, the apparent variation trends are presented for the content of K and Na in semi-coke under the various experimental conditions.

Abstract: In order to study urban surface dust distribution, a three-dimensional model is proposed and the distribution of wind and the distribution law of air pollutants are researched. 3D campus of Shanghai University as a typical area is selected. The standard height (Twenty two meters) of teaching building for reference has been chosen. In different distances such as Eight、Twelve、Fifteen、Twenty meters, the amount and distribution of wind speed were obtained from simulation using FLUENT software. Combined with the particulate of air pollution’s distribution in urban surface, the optimized design of the main campus’s building spacing is analyzed. The results show that when the building space is about Fifteen meters, the concentration of pollutants and the distribution of wind speed is optimized.

Abstract: According to the idea of the life cycle assessment method (LCA), the consumption of the energy and material, which is involved in the whole life cycle in each phase of single green construction technique, and the impact on the environment, is discussed. Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory, a green degree evaluation system is established. The Analytic Hierarchy Process method (AHP) is adopted to establish green assessment system of the hierarchical structure model, and by means of 10/10-18/2 scaling method through pairwise comparison on tectonic judgment matrix of each level, the weight of each affecting factor is ultimately determined. Finally, VB program is used to compile visual programs of green degrees assessment. The quantitative assessment of integrated green degree for green construction technology is obtained, after inputting the score of the corresponding index, with reference to the influence of the factors assessment standards. By verifying rationality of the assessment system, the study proves that the system plays a guidance role in the self-assessment and reasonable construction for the construction of green technology.

Abstract: The characteristics of thermophilic aerobic composting process for municipal solid waste were studied. The changes of pH and organic matter content, the infrared spectra of organic matter before and after composting, the development of humification, and the toxicity for the seed were investigated. The results indicated that: the pH quickly increased and then decreased, stabilized in the neutral range; organic matter degradation occurred mainly in the first 30 days of high temperature rapid composting stage, indicating the high temperature phase played the main role in the organic matter degradation; the increases of humus, fulvic acid, humic acid and humic acid/fulvic acid ratio also showed the conversion of organic matters to humus. Composting decreased the matters inhibiting seed germination and weakened the toxicity for the plant, and the sample reached maturity through composting.

Abstract: Agricultural production and water conservancy facilities in china are a high probability of suffering from disasters of flood and waterloging,it is important for researching on the impact of it. Based on actual data from 1990 to 2010, disasters of flood and waterloging impact on agricultural production and water conservancy facilities is analysed.The rate of areas covered is the highest rate in 1991,reaching 16.4 percent, the average rate 8.96 percent; The rate of areas affected is the highest rate in 2003,reaching 63.8 percent, the average rate 54.4 percent; The rate of areas affected completely in Hainan is the highest rate in 2010 in china,reaching 57.4 percent, usually about from 20 percent to 40 percent. The average number of large and medium damaged reservoirs caused by disasters of flood and waterloging is 43.8 from 2006 to 2010, small damaged reservoirs 17.87 hundred, the damaged embankments 48.239 thousand, the damaged embankments length 10.42 thousand km, the damaged locks 9.97 thousand, the direct economic losses of water conservancy facilities 27.95 billion RMB.But the indicators in 2010 is higher than average value,indicating water conservancy facilities damaged severely. The flood and waterloging has a significant impact on growth and yield of crops. The rate of areas covered, the rate of areas affected, the rate of areas affected completely are three important indicators to evaluate the damaged area of crop. Impact on water conservancy facilities is very serious,the central and local governments need to pay high attention to it.

Abstract: Through summertime measurements at selected points, this paper presents the thermal environment data including air temperature and relative humidity, globe temperature and ground suface temperature of pedestrian spaces on Minsheng Road which is a pedestrian street in Nanning, Guangxi, China). The influence of temperature variations in pedestrian passages in front of shops and under arcades, the sun-shaded effect of the street as well as pavement surface temperature on the thermal environment of the arcaded pedestrian streets in the Lingnan hot-humid region is described in the paper. Based on analysis results of measurement data, comfortable thermal environments for arcaded pedestrian paces in the pedestrian streets of the Lingnan region were understood. The existing problems in the thermal environment and thermal comfort of arcaded pedestrian spaces were discussed. Constructive opinions and suggestions were also proposed.

Abstract: This paper presents a study on the indoor thermal environment of a library in the hot-summer and warm-winter region using field measurements. 15 measurement points were selected to measure the following thermal parameters: air temperature, globe temperature, surface temperature, relative humidity and air velocity. Analysis of measurement data are described, and effective strategies were proposed from the analysis results for improving the thermal environment of library buildings in the hot-summer and warm-winter region.