Advanced Materials Research Vols. 671-674

Abstract: Abstract: To give some scientific references for the multi-level configuration of plant community in urban green land, especially for how to choose undergrowth plants which have different light habits, this research investigated the canopy structure and determined understory light environment of 23 canopy tree species which are mostly applied in urban green land in Guangdong province using hemispherical photography. The results showed that understory light environment was influenced by canopy structure significantly and there were significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) between CO and TransDir, TransDif and TransTol, with the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.88, 0.95 and 0.91, respectively; and a extremely significant negative correlation between CO and LAI (r = -0.63; P < 0.001). Hemispherical photography has lots of advantages which are convenient, rapid, practical and accurate. It could not only monitor canopy structure but also determine single tree and canopy tree species which the canopy was broken. This method is supposed to contribute to quantitative research on understory light environment and is essential for scientific research and popularizing in the development of urban garden.

Abstract: According to the continuous monitoring and analyzing on coalbed methane produced wastewater quality, focusing on the large quantity, high SS and Fe qualities of wastewater produced from coalbed methane. Based on the constitution pollutants of wastewater, the treatment process of "pre-oxidation+coagulation+precipitation+manganese sand filter+disinfection" is proposed. laboratory static experiment has been conducted after the wastewater collected from the construction site. The result showed that with this treatment process, the removal rate of SS reached above 95%, the removal rate of COD could be higher than 55% and the removal rate of Fe was above 95%. The quality of treated water could meet the requirement of Ⅱ class water index in "Surface Water Environment Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002).

Abstract: Physical properties including surface area, average porediameter, and micropore volume and chemical structure of the activated carbon was characterized by N₂ adsorption experiment and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The high O content of carbon surface lead a negative effect to absorption capacity and low pH value, low temperature lead a positive effect to adsorption. The effect of humus in water to the removal was also studied and EDCs-humus bi-component adsorption model was established, it was found that there is strong competition between EDCs and humus. Due to this competition adsorption capacity of BPA greatly decreased especially when BPA concentration is very low. The adsorption kinetics test results indicated that the adsorption of BPA followed the first-order kinetics and the smaller diameter GAC could increase adsorption velocity.

Abstract: A membrane bio-reactor (MBR) process was used as a backbone system to treat the expressway service center wastewater. This paper describes the design of the process as well as the operating results of the system. The design of the process emphasized efficiency, economy, simplicity, reliability, low construction cost and low land requirement. The process was formally put into operation in September, 2011. The eight months operating results of the process demonstrate that the MBR process is both effective and efficient in meeting the water discharge and reuse quality requirements (Chinese national effluent standard (the reuse of urban recycling water - water quality standard for scenic environment use, GB/T 18921-2002).

Abstract: To reuse municipal sewage sludge safely, experiment was carried out on grapefruit trees fertilized with composted sludge from Shiweitou Sewage Treatment Plant in Xiamen City of China, and a method was introduced of how to assess the environmental quality of grapefruit trees soil fertilized with sludge by Set Pair Analysis (SPA) model. The results showed that the soil in the surface layer (0-15cm) and the deeper layer (15-30cm) was less clean, and the environment of soil was not polluted. Thus it was feasible to use sludge as fruit fertilizer. The maximum service life of sludge for continuous land application was estimated by taking Cd as the limiting factor, which would provide scientific guide and technical support for safe land application of sludge.

Abstract: In this study, Myriophyllum was used to remove Congo Red dye from wastewater. The influence of operation factors include illumination intensity, initial pH, biomass and dye concentration on the degradation rate of Congo Red were investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that Myriophyllum can effectively degradate Congo red dye. The Congo red dye was almost completely discolored in 10 days under the conditions of 5000 lx of illumination density, 7.5 of pH, 15g /L~17.5 g/L of initial biomass and less than 20 mg/L of Congo red concentration. Furthermore, the great reduction of intermediate products and COD indicated that biodegradation of Congo red dye with Myriophyllum not only produced less secondary pollution, but also mineralized azo dye into inorganic matters. Myriophyllum in pollutants degradation presented obvious technical advantages and environmental benefits.

Abstract: The oily sludge was more serious polluted to the environment, it is necessary to harmless treatment. Analysised the composition of the oily sludge. Three ways to deal with oily sludge included chemical treatment, biological degradation and resource utilization. Elaborated the application of three ways, dicussed the pros and cons, thought waste utilization was the most effective way.

Abstract: Oily wastewater was more and more serious environmental pollution, one of the main methods for the treatment of oily wastewater was membrane filtration. Introduced the principle characteristics of the different types of membrane filtration, proposed the need to solve the problem of membrane filtration through the membrane filtration project examples.

Abstract: Through experimental study on industrial wastewater of NanFengRiHua by Anaerobic Biological Filter process (AF), AF was proved as an efficient treatment process for refractory industry wastewater. AF process can change molecular structure and improve the biodegradability of nonbiodegradable organic, so AF process has very good practical prospects

Abstract: Environmental variations and the influences on water resources are complicated. According to a great number of the statistical data of Hebei province in Northern China since the 1950s, the analyzing indicated that the water resources volume in Hebei province trended towards decreasing during the recent 50 years as the variations of natural environment and human activities increasing. Precipitation reducing and air temperature rising are the basic cause of leading to the water resources decreasing. The continual lowering of groundwater level, which was created by the excess development of groundwater, not only caused surface runoff decreasing but also made groundwater recharge lessening. The level increase of crop output directly consumed a great lot of water resources, simultaneously had farmland evapotranspiration strengthened, and also brought about surface runoff and groundwater recharge decrease.