Advanced Materials Research Vols. 718-720

Abstract: The so-called "carbon neutral" refers to the process in which people offset the corresponding amount of carbon dioxide generated by their consumption of energy in a certain way. In order to establish a "carbon neutral" management system, firstly it is a need to calculate the "carbon footprint" indicator of all types of energy consumption and this is a base of the establishment of "carbon neutral" management system; secondly it is important to study to achieve the technical means of "carbon neutral" which have direct and indirect methods and the indirect ones should be the focus of future research and concern; thirdly it is necessary to establish the political systems and the regular laws of "carbon neutral" to which the government will attach importance and various social organizations and every citizen can participate in theoperation. By increasing publicity, we can raise awareness of all the citizensparticipation and truly establish the "carbon neutral" management system in which everyone can involve so as to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide level and curb global warming.

Abstract: According to the 40×40m mesh, taking the 180 soil samples in both strains and ridges of the demonstration fields under the stalk mulching conservation tillage for 5 consecutive years in Gaojia country, which the area covers 15 hm² in Li Shu town, Jilin Province. The available N, available P, available K and other nutrition of soil in different sampling schemes have been tested. Based on the platform of GIS and the method of geostatistical analyst, the space distribution's characteristics of the three kinds of soil's nutrients have been researched, which demonstrate each variable corresponds normal distribution, the contents of available N and available K in different sampling schemes vary so much, but the content of available P has shown much more similarity than difference. Through the analysis of semivariogram, the soil nutrients in every different sampling schemes have revealed a moderate intensity autocorrelation and a relative strong spatial heterogeneity, which are affected by structural factors such as soil types, parent material, terrain, climate, hydrological conditions and so on, and they are also affected by random factors, for example, fertilization, cropping system, tillage operation and management. Analyzing the three nutrients in different sampling schemes, which are affected by random factors. Through applying the semivariogram and kriging to analyze the impacts factors of spatial variable in the soil, there are the differences between the two methods.

Abstract: Calorific value is the energy scale, reflects the change of various physiological activity in organizations and the effects of various environmental factors on animal and plant growth. It can be used as an effective index of animal and plant growth status. The three kinds economic fish: Japanese croaker (Argyrosomus japonicus), Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) living around Zhoushan Archipelago, are studied in the experiment. Calorific value is measured by HWR-15E. The results show that: the muscle tissue water content ratio of each kind of fish is higher than the intact. The calorific value of the intact fish is higher than the muscular part. In addition, the closer the phylogenetic relationship between studied fish, the more significant calorific value difference.

Abstract: Sustainable land use plays a vital role in the process of regional development. To pursuit the sustainable use of land resources will be the effective approach to address the conflictions among farmland conservation, social development and environment protection. This paper reviewed the relevant research and studies on the field of sustainable land use including its various definitions, the sustainability evaluation and optimization of land resources, got some conclusions about the prospects in the study on sustainable land use and finally addressed the conceptual model for evaluating and optimizing sustainable land use.

Abstract: The first successful EPWS(Equitable Payment for Watershed Service) case is in Peru where there had finished whole three phases with excellent operation under the internal motive force between upstream community and downstream water supply company from 2009 to date. In China, the first EPWS programme in 2011 had followed the successful EPWS cases to find the adaptability of EPWS development in other watershed in Chian. Rapid hydrology appraisal for EPWS is most basis technology need. In this study, the sedimentation has been assessed and forecasted by GIS technology by using the measured sediment data. The average contribution of SS loads from Yuping Village and Ganzikou Village were about 67 % of EPWS area. This rapid hydrology appraisal had paid a key role to cause the signature of MOU on June 1^th 2012 between upstream communities and downstream hydropower station. The next phase of EPWS will be carried out the planned livelihood strategies within water and soil erosion protection by upstream communities, then produced watershed service (reduced sediments) will be monitored and assessed by downstream hydropower station or other organizations.

Abstract: The adsorption isotherms of Bide-Santang Basins main coal seams is studied based on analyzing two coalbed methane (CBM) wells in Huale exploration region and testing the coal samples. A conclusion has been made that the adsorption capacity of Bide-Santang Basins main coal seams is high. The Langmuir volume (V_L) of dry ash-free basis range from 17.69 m³/t to 21.38 m³/t, and the average is 19.46 m³/t. The methane saturation of the coal reservoir is lower than 100%, ranging from 75.04% to 105.55% commonly, and the average is 84.51%. It indicates that coal reservoir in the research area is undersaturation. The critical desorption pressures are between 1.22MPa and 9.1MPa, and the average is 3.25MPa. The coalbed methane theory recovery rates are between 19.96% and 46.15% with average of 34.51%.

Abstract: The conventional velocity analysis and normal moveout (NMO) are based on hyperbolic event, but the assumption of hyperbolic travel-time only applies to the situation where offset is less than or equal to the depth of reflecting interface. In recent years, in order to explore the new domain in deeper region, acquisition and processing about seismic data are developed rapidly. Maximum offset of acquisition has been reached or more than 8000 meters, and the coverage reached 100 times too. So the conventional hyperbolic normal moveout is not suitable for long cable acquisition. To solve the problems led by long array, this paper introduces the long array non hyperbolic NMO method, and it works well both in the model and practical data.

Abstract: Recent works on sediment movement under storms were studied and analyzed comprehensively. It was found that the key point to improve researches on sediment movement under storms was the on-situ measured data, which could be obtained by combined usage of automatic sediment sampler and the optical automatic instruments, and it was very important to seek or make relatively small and lightweight automatic sampling devices to sample the water and suspension offshore with a depth of 0-10m, where the sediment movement was very active.

Abstract: To investigate the relationship between the amount of fertilizer inputs and grain yield and its dynamics change in Jilin Province during 1971-2010. Adopt to 7-year moving average method to calculate the trend for crop yield of per unit area yield of grain in 40 years. Correlation analysis shows that there is a significantly positive correlation between the trend yield and the fertilizer inputs per unit area. The model of law diminishing returns is established by the regression analysis. Also it shows the fitting degree during 1971-1981 between the grain yield per unit area and the fertilizer inputs per unit area meets the first stage of the model. Marginal yield raises with the increase of the amount of fertilizer inputs per unit area and the grain yield raises significantly. The fitting degree meets the second stage of the model during 1981-2010. Marginal yield approaches zero gradually with the increase of the amount of fertilizer inputs per unit area. Grain yield per unit area reaches a stable value. In order to improve the grain yield in Jilin Province and based on the present fertilizing amount, the agricultural production should adopt to scientific methods and suitable time of fertilization, and gradually increase the promotion and application of new fertilizers.

Abstract: The monitoring models to estimate the above-ground biomass weight and carbon and nitrogen (CN ) accumulation of corn at maturation stage were established based on SPOT-5 images to provide reference for prediction of land production, effective nutrient balance of cultivated soil and carbon and nitrogen cycles. The appropriate spectral parameters were filtered out and the optimal monitoring equations were established between spectral parameter and above-ground biomass weight and CN accumulation by using Pearson correlation analysis and linear and nonlinear simulations. The adjust brightness vegetation index (SAVI) showed a significant positive correlation with the above-ground biomass weight and carbon accumulation and the correlation coefficients were 0.831 and 0.846.The strongest correlation with nitrogen accumulation was ratio index (R3/R1) and the correlation coefficient was 0.844.The power function model based on SAVI inversed above-ground biomass weight and carbon accumulation was the best, R² were 0.6982 and 0.7216.The linear function model based on R3 / R1 inversed nitrogen accumulation was the best and R² was 0.7129.Based on the optimal monitoring models, the thematic maps were produced to monitor above-ground biomass and CN accumulation in corn at maturation stage. The estimating model based on the SPOT-5 images can achieve high precision in estimating the above-ground biomass weight and CN accumulation in corn and it has a wide application prospect.