Advanced Materials Research Vol. 723

Abstract: The literature has identified several possible causes of asphalt pavement distresses. Loadrelated distresses are apparent where the pavement has been overstressed by traffic loads applied to its surface. Climate/durabilityrelated distresses arise due to exposure to the environment. Otherrelated distresses are caused by actions not related to load or climate such as fuel spills or construction deficiencies. In this paper, information about fourteen asphalt pavement distresses frequently occurred on Taiwans pavements was surveyed, structured and explored using formal concept analysis (FCA) method. FCA is an important mathematical tool for conceptual data analysis and knowledge acquisition. By using FCA, the concept lattice of the formal context of asphalt pavement distresses was created and studied. Based on the concept lattice and association rules derived from FCA, the causes of asphalt pavement distresses were understood. The findings are consistent with the literature and actual conditions. This study provides alternative solutions to understand the causes of asphalt pavement distresses. This study also clearly shows that FCA is a useful method for further exploring and extending information on pavement distresses.

Abstract: This study analyzes key success factors of bidding results and provides the optimal bidding strategy for the pavement engineering. According to Public construction bidding management system data of Public Construction Commission of Executive Yuan, we found that the optimal bidding strategies in the most studies only focused on bidding prices and winning bid amounts. However, public constructions are usually on a large scale with great investments, it is critical to control budgets under quality and duration considerations. In addition, it is complicated for bidders to implement the optimal bidding strategy under multiple bidding factors. Hence, this study applies statistical analysis to find key success factors of bidding data in Taoyuan pavement engineering from 2008 to 2012 for evaluating the optimal bidding strategy with the multi-criteria decision-making method. Our research results show that bidders can increase the probability of winning bids and enables to allocate their resources with accurate bidding price forecast. In particular, the differences between the award amounts and base prices after applying the optimal bidding strategy are also provided.

Abstract: With the highway network of Taiwan is intact gradually, the management of highway engineering is improving technology level to management level. Reducing the influence with pavement deteriorating, improving the pavement age and achieving the need of pavement service quality, it is a pavement agencys object. Present maintenance work depend on subjective experience judgment of civil engineer, but the kind of method is lack systemic planning. In view of this, Pavement Management system use multi-objectives goal programming to solving priority with the pavement maintenance works. But the multi-objectives programming method is considering multiple-objective, so it cans satisfied the ideal point. The De Novo Method is a new method to approach the ideal point. We try to using this method to solving Taiwan Freeways maintenance work programming.

Abstract: In recent years, pavement engineering has gradually moved from new construction work to maintenance and management. However, effective real-time management by road regulatory authorities of all kinds of situations and distress that can affect pavement is a problem. At present, road regulatory authorities are subject to self-management mechanisms, however there are differences in resources for all unit levels and scales. This study utilizes a pavement management database in which statistical data has been stored that may change due to timing, environment, etc. As a result, spatial processing and the time factor are taken into account to develop a database of spatiotemporal objects and 3D Geo-Information. Finally we can provide useful pavement information and ways to improve system diversity. Keywords: spatial-temporal databases, pavement management system

Abstract: The Pavement Condition Rating (PCR) has been used by the Ministry of Transport (MOT) in Saudi Arabia to report pavement condition. The World Bank developed the PCR in 1986. PCR is based on International Roughness Index (IRI), Rutting (RUT), Cracking (CRA), and Raveling (RAV). The MOT collects pavement condition data using a digital inspection vehicle called Road Surface Tester (RST) vehicle. On some expressways, the MOT measures the Skid Number (SN) using a Skid Test Unit as complimentary measurement for safety issues. The objective of this paper is to develop PCR model and pavement roughness model using survey data for overlaid sections on some expressways in the network with total observation number is 3469. The PCR model is a function of pavement age (T), Traffic Volume (TV), and IRI. The IRI model is a function of RUT, RAV, and CRA. Overlaid sections across the entire network have been selected to study the mechanisms of pavement deterioration, to develop the model and to draw conclusions.

Abstract: With the time progress and constant promotion of information technology, the living quality of people is improved relative to economic development and people constantly demand the government to improve service effectiveness. In order to save manpower and material resources, it is an inevitable trend for road authorities to develop pavement management system of government electronization. However, the existing pavement management systems at home mainly comprise basic investigation data on road condition, current situation analysis and suggestion of maintenance threshold, road maintenance priority decision analysis and other management purposes, so as to promote the efficiency and quality of pavement management operation. While, most of the systems have the disadvantages of different maintenance planning decision making approaches, insufficient project construction history data, chaotic use of drawings, too little available knowledge, failure to integrate information and so on, so it is unable to establish an effective system to assist engineers as the control function, which causes a major obstacle relative to the development of pavement management system. The loss of pavement engineering history data with time would cause difficulty in data collection for future pavement analysis. Therefore, how to resolve the above problems becomes a major assistance for the future pavement maintenance knowledge decision management. The study establishes cloud computing pavement information decision management platform in the form of implementation via Google public cloud computing, validates the feasibility through practical cases, utilizes cloud drive real-time data processing, electronic document management, graphical pavement information and figuration management analysis through the software provided by Google, improves the budget for control efficiency and enhances the promotion of pavement management system, so as to accord with the study objective.

Abstract: Certain aspects of prioritization have commonly been employed in the optimum resource allocation program for pavement maintenance management. However, issues associated with incorporating priority preferences into pavement maintenance programming have not been evaluated. For example, application of priority weights to certain problem parameters will affect the optimality of the end solution with respect to the original objective. However, the degree of loss in optimality is related to the form or structure, the magnitudes, and the range of priority weights adopted. Decision makers, who adopt such an approach, are often oblivious to the degree of sub-optimality of the solutions. Therefore, this paper presents a study that examines the implications of applying priority weights, of varying magnitudes and ranges, in the pavement maintenance programming analysis in terms of optimality of the solution/strategy.

Abstract: Road markings should always be visible, readable and effective. Their performance is related to the quality of materials, their application and textural characteristics of the road pavement. The evolution of properties (visibility, skid resistance, color and durability) also depends on the product, its resistance to traffic abrasion, the application technique and adhesion between coating and substrate. This paper analyzes the results of a wide campaign of tests (over more than 4,000 km of lines) on road marking performances, with the purpose of evaluating a model for design and maintenance management. Mainly post-sprayed coatings are investigated with regard to quality controls, their frequency and protocols, according to the standards in force.

Abstract: nternational Roughness Index (IRI) is an important parameter that indicates the ride quality and pavement condition. In this study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to predict the IRI for Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) sections. The inputs for this model are: initial IRI value, pavement age, transverse cracking, percent joints spalled, flexible and rigid patching areas, total joint faulting, freezing index, and percent subgrade passing No. 200 U.S. sieve. This data was obtained from the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Program. It is the same data and inputs used for the development of the Mechanistic-Empirical pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) IRI model for JPCP. The data includes a total of 184 IRI measurements. The results of this study shows that using the same input variables, the ANN model yielded a higher prediction accuracy (coeficint of determination: R² = 0.828, and ratio of standard error of estimate (predicted) to standard deviation of the measured IRI values: S_e/S_y =0.414) compared to the MEPDG model (R² = 0.584, S_e/S_y =0.643). In addition, the bias in the predicted IRI values using the ANN model was significantly lower compared to the MEPDG regression model.

Abstract: The HsinChu County Government has placed great emphasis on the construction and maintenance of road infrastructure. It has exerted great efforts to enhance not only essential needs such as Roads should be smooth, drains should be unobstructed, and streetlamps should be illuminated, but also the performance of maintenance and management for roads by means of five aspects. These aspects include legislation, policies, systems, implementation, and techniques. From the point of view of legislation, the government has enacted regulation such as The Bylaw of Road Management in HsinChu County, and amended regulations such as The Bylaw of Road Excavation Management in HsinChu County and The Regulations of Urban Road Management in HsinChu County in the past two years. From the point of view of policies, the government has budgeted for the Smooth Roads Project every year regardless of any financial deficiencies in the government. From the point of view of systems, the government has drawn up preliminary maintenance plans for roads, created standard operating procedures (SOPs) of maintenance activities, and developed road inspection systems. From the point of view of implementation, the government has developed a Pavement Management System in HsinChu County, initiated a Road Excavation Management System, and created an excavation application and control procedure. From the point of view of technologies, the government has established geographic information for roads in HsinChu County so as to enhance the administrative and operational efficiency of inspections using the Application (APP) system. This study, which mainly focuses on county, rural and partial urban roads in the HsinChu County, presents the relevant legislation and systems drawn up by the government, that have a positive impact for governmental implementation to the public.