Advanced Materials Research Vols. 726-731

Abstract: A two-phase hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) by coupling with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to analyze malachite green (MG) in environmental water. In this method, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C₈MI[PF₆]) was selected as extraction agent, and several parameters (sample pH, salinity, extraction time, shaking rate, volume of donor phase) that could affect extraction performance were investigated. Under the optimal extraction conditions (sample pH, 5; salinity, 4% sodium chloride; extraction time, 6 h; shaking rate, 200 rpm; volume of donor phase, 200 mL), the established method showed excellent characters as: high enrichment factor (1193), wide linear range (0.2-100 μg L^-1), low detection limit (0.1 μg L^-1), good reproducibility (relative standard deviation, RSD 8.4%, n= 5) and satisfactory recovery (102.8%, n= 5). The approach was applied in real water samples analysis, which indicated that it has great potentials for rapidly monitoring low concentration of MG in environmental waters.

Abstract: The paper presents the results of the long-standing investigations of the problem of the industrial sewage purification in the process of gold mining and improvement of the technological procedure with the use of the higher water vegetation (hydrophytes) in Priamurye. The extent of their purification with biological method turned to be significantly higher than with the chemical method used at present at the study mining enterprise.

Abstract: There are several hundred of abandoned oil wells in Jianghan oil field now. They were mainly started to be used in 70-80`s of last century, and mainly closed around 2000. After closure, the soil around the oil wells left uncultivated because of oil pollution, which caused serious waste of soil resource. In the present paper, 135 soil samples were collected from 15 oil well areas. Salinity, pH, petroleum hydrocarbon, heavy metals and some other elements were analyzed. According to the investigation, the soil of Jianghan oilfield showed high salinity, and tended to alkali. Petroleum hydrocarbon is dotted distribution, and some sites showed extremely high content as 24.67%. Some elements containing some heavy metals in Jianghan oilfield exceeded standard values and control samples, which may also be caused by oil exploitation.

Abstract: The marine pollution problem is mainly related to inputs to the ocean directly or indirectly through the atmosphere, from land-based sources or land-based activities of society. The management of this is essentially associated with managing in an adequate way our activities on land. Monitoring, evaluation and adaptation are necessary to ensure that marine management measures are both effective and efficient. Marine environmental carrying capacity monitoring system is a monitoring framework to achieve marine environment adaptive management, the core of the system is monitoring marine environmental carrying capacity under DPSIR model. This paper introduces a definition of marine environmental carrying capacity and the conceptual framework for marine environmental carrying capacity monitoring system.

Abstract: Concentrations and distributions of four polycyclic musks (galaxolide (HHCB), tonalide (AHTN), celestolide (ADBI) and phantolide (AHMI)) in surface water from the Songhua River were investigated. Experimental data showed that the Songhua River had been polluted to different degrees except the rivers source. Concentrations of HHCB, AHTN, ADBI and AHMI were in the ranges of 6.77-30.65, 2.19-7.97, < LOD-1.94 and < LOD-2.53 ng/L, respectively. The results indicated a low proportion of wastewater burden in this river, and the HHCB and AHTN were the major components. Risk assessments on HHCB and AHTN suggest that the current polycyclic musk levels in Songhua River represent a low potential risk to the aquatic organisms.

Abstract: Taking Baishuihe landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area as an example, the features of landslide deformation influencing factors such as rainfall, reservoir water and groundwater were extracted using kernel principal component analysis method, which were used to build the BP neural network displacement prediction model and then to output the fitted values. Secondly, Markov chain (MC) was used to optimize the prediction error through analysis of the error range between fitted values and measured values, timing displacement state division and state transfer probability matrix calculation. Finally, the BP-MC model was constructed, using which dynamically displacement prediction was achieved. The fitted and predicted results show that this model can reflect the relationship between the inducing factors and landslide displacement and can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of landslide displacement.

Abstract: The article introduces Shenyang Metropolitan Area and the new-type industrialization, analyses the situation of the resources and environment in the area, indicates the reasons of the resources and environment problem areas: the more industrial pollution, the heavier environmental pressure; the more distorted urbanization, the more urban environmental issues; the faster population growth, the higher environmental tension; the more imbalance of economic development, the more environmental imbalance; the more historical debts, the greater burden of environment.

Abstract: Based on monitoring data from 2006 to 2010,the surface water environmental quality features in Nansi Lake Basin were analyzed at temporal and spatial scale. The results show that the water quality in Nansi Lake basin has improved during the annual period, the wet period and dry period. In terms of COD_Cr and NH₃-N, the proportion of water with quality of class I to III has increased, while the proportion of water with quality that was inferior to class V has decreased. The proportion of water with quality of class Ito III in NH₃-N was lager than that in COD_Cr. The Nansi Lake basin water quality in the wet period was slightly better than that in the annual period, while the water quality in dry period was slightly worse than that in the annual period. Judging from the spatial scale, the water quality of control units in the west of Nansi Lake basin is better than those in the east of Nansi Lake basin. The control units of Guangfu River and Laoyun River in Jining were the most seriously polluted areas.

Abstract: Due to the geological, hydrogeological feature along the main canal and construction characteristics of the inner drainage section engineering in the south-to-north water transfer project, pollutants might enter into the main canal with the groundwater, which may cause the main canal water quality risk. This study confirmed the rationality of the sensor research and guarantees the stability and accuracy of the groundwater detection based on the contrast of accuracy on the index of and comparison between groundwater sensor inspection and lab analysis data. For demonstration field monitoring at the same time, the running data was stable. Setting up demonstration project lays a solid foundation for building the key technology that is suitable for the water conveyance project of major water pollution control and water quality security system.

Abstract: Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is one of the most important parameters to assess pollution in seawater monitoring, which can be determined accurately by the combined use of UV-Vis spectroscopy and multivariate calibration. The calibration model of COD value was established by partial least squares (PLS). The COD of seawater determined by this method was very close to which determined by the standard method. Compared with the standards, this method has many different advantages, such as high-speed, sensitive, no preprocessing and no secondary pollution.