Advanced Materials Research Vols. 726-731

Abstract: Chlorophyll fluorescence is a quick, precise, non-invasive technique which has been widely used in studies of photosynthesis in micro algae, particularly for investigations of stress physiology of micro algae. The toxicity of heavy metal Hg²⁺ on alga M. aeruginosa was studied by the change in fluorescence intensity of M. aeruginosa at 435 nm/680 nm which treaded with different Hg²⁺ concentrations for 25 min. The results showed that high concentrations of Hg²⁺ inhibited the photosynthesis of M. aeruginosa, while a low concentration (0.0005 mg/L) of Hg²⁺ promoted photosynthesis. When Hg²⁺ level range from 0.001 mg/L to 0.500 mg/L, it had significant inhibition effects on photosynthesis of M. aeruginosa. The chlorophyll fluorescence intensity increased with the concentration of Hg²⁺ (0.001~0.400 mg/L), even the concentration of Hg²⁺ and algal photosynthetic signal had a significant positive correlation, r=0.983 3.

Abstract: In this study, the high performance ion chromatography integrated pulsed amperometric detection (HPIC-IPAD) was appliedfor the first time to detect 10 sulfonamides. In this experiment,we used Dionex AS18 (250mm×2mm) and AG18 (50mm×2mm) columnsfilled with an anion exchange resin, with 14 mmol / L NaOH solution concentration. The Analysis temperature was 30 ° C, the flow rate was 0.25 mL / min, and the injection volume was 10 μL. The detection was through pulsed amperometric detection cell with Au electrode and reference electrode pH-Ag/AgCl as working electrodes. Take the standard stock solution compounding 0.06,0.15,0.30,1.5,3.0 mg / L standard solutions respectively,build linear regression on chromatographic peak area as Y and analyte mass concentration of as X (mg / L). In the range of 0.06-3.0 mg / L, the 10 sulfonamides response appeared a linear relationship (R> 0.9989). This method can be considered for the detection of trace sulfonamides substances in cosmetics, food, and feed.

Abstract: The result of 5-years monitoring (2006-2010) in Cheonggyecheon stream, 328 floral species were found in 2006. In 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, total 446, 444, 471 and 510 species were found respectively. And among them, 233 introduced species were found in 2006, 312 species in 2007, 308 in 2008, 314 in 2009 and 300 in 2010 were found. Hazard species were found 3-5 species during study period. The rapid increasing in introduced plants was surveyed in the early 1^st and 2^nd years. It has shown a relatively stable trend since the third year. By life form, herbaceous plants gradually increased in the early year. And annual and biennial herbs were dominated right after restoration and as time went by perennial herbs ratio increased. By family, flora belongs to Compositae family that was found most frequently. By section, 3^rd and 4^th sections constituted by natural genotypes, such as point bars, wide flood plains, riffles, ponds and marshes, were surveyed more species than 1^st and 2^nd sections constructed by artificial and non-ecological materials, such as concrete materials and narrow and straight flow channels. As a result, in stream restoration for ecological purpose, naturalized river or ecological river formation and management, rapid ecological changes would appear in the early 1^st and 2^nd years, and artificial energy were included to reduce species disturbance. In that time, the stream ecosystem could be stabilized after restoration in the early three years or so.

Abstract: A method was developed for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Phthalic Acid Esters (PAEs) in soil sample. Ultrasonic Wave Extraction under airtight circumstance was adopted to extract the analyte in soil sample with n-hexane acetone (V:V=1:1) to be extraction solvent. This method has advantages of high efficiency extraction, short time, convenience and simplicity, which can be popularized in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Phthalic Acid Esters (PAEs) detection in soil.

Abstract: The produced formation water samples and the stored water samples of the tanks in coalbed methane production area were sampled, and their pH, the ion concentration were tested, the variational characteristics of pH, the distribution and the variation with time of the ion concentration, the variational characteristics of the salinity and the conductivity from the produced formation water and the water of the tanks were discussed in order to investigate the variational characteristics of water quality of the proudced formation water in coalbed methane production area. The results show that the produced formation water are alkalescent, the pH of the produced formation water and the stored water in the tanks are near to or beyond the maximum of Chinese irrigation water quality standards. The anions of the produced formation water are mainly HCO₃^- and Cl^-, the ion concentration haven’t dearease effectively during the discharge of the produced formation water, the concentration of Cl^- in the produced formation water and the stored water of the tanks from the partial coalbed methane wells is beyond the limit of the national standards. The salinity of the produced formation water and the stored water of the tanks are between 1500 mg/L and 2000 mg/L, and they are between the maximum of the non-saline areas and the maximum of the saline area according to Chinese irrigation water quality standards. The total hardness and the conductivity of the produced formation water and the stored water of the tanks in coalbed methane production area are relatively low, and they can meet the national discharged standard of sewage.

Abstract: The characteristics of flocs aggregated in flocculation have been paid more and more attention for a long time. In this paper, a new classification and analyses method dealing with the flocs is developed. The flocs formed after flocculation is divided into four kinds, including the left primary particles, linear flocs with all component particles in a line, planar flocs with all component particles on a plane and volumetric flocs with all component particles in a three-dimensional space. By analyzing the formation approaches of different kind of flocs regardless of the floc breakage, the number of every kind of floc is analyzed to be related with the suspension concentration mathematically. After comparing the different items in the models describing the relationship of floc number and concentration, a series of simplified expressions are presented. Lastly, a mathematical equation relating the measurable suspension viscosity with the numbers of different flocs is obtained.

Abstract: Although environmental degradable film has been degraded from block disintegration to “rice water” appearance “dissolved” into soil environment under the natural environmental conditions effects of light, temperature, water, atmosphere and microorganisms, the "dissolved" plastic film still have serious pollution to environment which has become new hotspot of discussion. In this study, the orthogonal test L₉(3⁴) methods was applied to investigate the effects of four factors (the molecular weight of polyethylene, the amount of polyethylene residue, soil type and depth) on the soil phosphatase activities. The results indicate that the mean activity of phosphatase is 2135.7 μg /(h＊g),1472.97μg/(h＊g) and 1687.23μg/(h＊g) in the seeding, flowering and mature stage of brasscia juncea in clay soil, respectively, and 2.54, 1.56, 1.22 fold in that of sandy soil and 1.32, 0.87, 0.79 in that of loam, respectively.

Abstract: The application of solid phase microextractiongas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) to the analysis of the timeliness of burned gasoline analysis adsorbed on the floor carrier was studied in this artical, meanwhile the effects of temperature, wind speed and humidity on the timeliness of burned gasoline analysis adsorbed on the floor carrier has been investigated. The results show that temperature is the major factor that affects the timeliness of analysis of burned gasoline residues analysis, followed by humidity, and finally the wind speed, and the corresponding data of timeliness, derived equations and correlation are provided.

Abstract: In order to study the effect of oil boom gate under different towing speeds, the standard k-ɛ model is combined with the VOF multiphase flow model to analyze the flow field morphology of towage state. The results show that both the monomer oil boom and the double oil boom have good effects in the lower drag speed. But the monomer oil boom would lose its effect gradually with the increasing of drag speed. When the drag speed is up to 0.7 m/s, the monomer oil boom is invalid, while the double oil boom still works well at this speed. It reveals that the double oil boom has better effects than that of monomer oil boom.

Abstract: The floc breakage plays an important role in the flocculation, the stable floc size or morphology distribution is the result of the equilibrium of formation and breakage. In this paper, the breakage approaches or models for different kind and size of flocs have been discussed. By introducing special breakage functions and comparing their relative values, the numbers of various flocs are verified to be still proportional to the suspension concentration compared with the situation in which the breakage is neglected. However, as illustrated in this paper, the total number of every kind of floc is still a power function of the suspension concentration for dilute suspensions where the number concentration of solid particles is linearly related to the volume concentration. This is similar to that where the breakage is disregarded, although the number for every kind of floc is inevitably changed. In addition, a potential quantitative method to analyze the relative composition of different kinds of flocs is presented by measuring the contributions of the flocs to the suspension viscosity.