Advanced Materials Research Vols. 726-731

Abstract: Studying on the extraction process of essential oil from Latifolia Miq roots and stems by Supercritical CO₂ extraction. The effects on extracting ratio were investigated by using single factor test, adding content of grinding fineness of raw materials,extracting temperature, extracting pressure and extracting time. The optimum extraction condition was determined by orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimum condition of the extraction was as follows: grinding fineness 90 mesh, extracting temperature 45 °C, extracting pressure 20 MPa and extracting time 2.5 h.

Abstract: Citrus plants strongly depend on arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) but low AM colonization found in the field. Therefore, mycorrhization of seedlings is vital for better citrus growth vigor. The study evaluated the effects of four containers (earthen pot, plastic pot, nursery cylinder, and nursery bag) on growth, mycorrhizal development, root system architecture (RSA) and chlorophyll concentration of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings inoculated with Glomus versiforme. After five months, AM seedlings grown in an earthen pot displayed the best AM colonization, vesicles, entry points, shoot dry weight, total plant dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, RSA traits (taproot length, total length, projected area, surface area, volume, and number of first lateral root), and chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll concentrations, the AM seedlings grown in nursery cylinder and nursery bag better, and the seedlings grown in plastic pot worst. It suggests that mouth diameter of containers is key to mycorrhization of seedlings. Meanwhile, earthen pot is the best container for mycorrhization of trifoliate orange seedlings.

Abstract: Plant camouflage is conducted by use of planting and collecting plant and changing color of plant to conceal targets. It can be used to camouflage relatively big permanent fixed targets in peace time and also to camouflage relatively big permanent fixed targets in peace time and also to camouflage relatively small fixed or moving targets. However, in recent years, with the natural disasters occurring alternately, plant camouflage can be destroyed easily, and it is difficult to rebuild in a short time. To improve the effect of plant camouflage, more fertilizers are required, which may become an environmental hazard, unless adequate technical and socioeconomic impacts are addressed. A multifunctional slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has been developed to improve fertilizer use efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. In this paper, a series of slow-release formulations of nitrogen fertilizer were developed on the basis of natural attapulgite clay, ethylcellulose film, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose/hydroxylethylcellulose hydrogel. The structural of the product were examined. The slow-release profiles of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and urea as nitrogen fertilizer substrates were determined in soil.

Abstract: T. asperellum is an important biocontrol fungus owing to their ability to antagonize plant pathogenic fungi. The biocontrol effects of T. asperellum were played by secreting many kinds of hydrolytic enzymes and antibiotics. T. asperellum producing more cell wall degrading enzymes when meeting plant pathogens. Moreover, the growth of the plant pathogens was inhibited by T. asperellum secondary metabolites. The yield of antibiotic 6-PP was 1.32 mg 6-PP/g mycelial dry weight. T. asperellum control plant pathogens through secreting cell wall degrading enzymes and producing antifungal metabolites.

Abstract: Calcium can affect in vitro cassava storage roots formation and starch accumulation. Low concentration of calcium stimulates to induce in vitro cassava storage roots formation and the accumulation of starches. With the addition of calcium concentration, the diameter of the in vitro cassava storage roots was increased, but the induction rate and starch content was decreased. The scanning electron microscope observations SC124 in vitro cassava storage roots starch and field cultivation of cassava root starch, starch grains formed by these two different ways is very similar in size and shape. Our findings show that, apply tissue culture techniques to study the cassava starch synthesis mechanism is feasible.

Abstract: Fresh maintenance is the main problem existing in the storage of vegetables and fruits on ship. This paper introduced a new technology for vegetables and fruits storage: air discharge. According to the experimental result, air discharge treatment had good effect on the storage. It could reduce the wastage of total soluble solids and titratable acid during the storage. And, it could also reduce percentage of threshing. Air discharge treatment on grape storage appearance had obvious good effect. Air discharge preservation technology can effectively extend the storage time of fruits and vegetables. Improper air discharge can also cause damage to plasmalemma of fruits and vegetables. Various air discharge products concentration must be in safe range. This preservation technology needed to further research for applying on ship.

Abstract: The convective and stratiform precipitations have different precipitation mechanisms. Different reflectivityrainfall rate (ZR) relations should be used for them. A heavy precipitation process on 22nd July, 2009(UTC) in Anhui Province is analyzed with Hefei Doppler radar and 269 rain gauges. First, the type of precipitation is obtained by a fuzzy logic algorithm with radar data. Then the reflectivity values are converted to rainfall rates using an adaptive Z-R relation according to different rain types. It is tested with the case and showed significant improvements over the current operational Z-R QPE when compared with gauges. Results also show that the precipitation process is caused by stratiform and convective precipitation; the rain estimated from radar corresponds well with cloud classification.

Abstract: To solve the dense matching problem for stereoscopic satellite images, a hybrid matching scheme integrating multiple methods is proposed. This scheme utilizes two types of matching element including grid points and edge points. First the geometrically constrained cross-correlation (GC³) method is used to extract matching grids. While in less textured regions using GC³ cannot get sufficient matching grids, so the local affine transformation is used to establish the region correspondence, and more matching grids can be generated. Edges are extracted by Canny operator and approximated with a series of straight edge segments using a polygon approximation. Based on these approximated edges, edge correspondences between image pairs are established using GC³. This scheme fuses the region based and the feature based matching methods. It has been tested with real satellite images and the results demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency.

Abstract: Urban impervious surface is an artificial surface features of the city, affecting urban surface runoff, the hydrological cycle, water quality, local climate and biodiversity, is one of the important indicators of the modern urbanization and urban ecosystem monitoring. With the development of urban remote sensing, various resolution remote sensing images have been used in urban impervious surface extraction. In this paper, image source remote sensing image classification criteria focus on the application of the various resolution remote sensing image, application methods and applications; summary evaluation of the existing methods, finally pointed out the future prospects.

Abstract: Urban thermal environment, as an important reflection of urban ecological environment, is affected strongly by urban land change, especially the loss of green land. By using remote sensing and GIS, two terms of remote images of Dongying city are studied to disclose vegetation coverage and land surface temperature that can reflect urban thermal environment.