Advanced Materials Research Vols. 798-799

Abstract: To improve the utilization efficiency of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) plants, and increase products price, the activated carbon from apricot shell made by physical method was analyzed. The results showed that BET surface area is 866.0±21.5 m²/ g, hardness is highest that reached 95.0±2.7%, pH value is acidity. And the surface display granulated showed the resistance was higher. Iodine adsorption value is 1046±9.2 mg/ g, which closed to higher level with activated carbon from coconut shell. The methylene cyanine adsorption value is 11.0±0.6 mL/ 0.1g, etc. We conclude that the activated carbon from apricot shell mainly hotel was micro, second was middle hotel, and granulate surface was benefit for resistance when the noxious gas was adsorption at start stage. But in total, the activated carbon from apricot shell made by physical method, some defect such as BET surface areas was lower, and lack big hotel, so, the technology of upgrade quality need exploration.

Abstract: In this research, a commercial acid cellulase was used to treat the cotton fabric for investigating its adsorptive and hydrolytic properties. First, it was found that this cellulase could get its optimal reactivity at temperature 50°C and pH 4.5-5.5. Then, at this best condition, the adsorptive and hydrolytic performance of cellulase on cotton fabric was evaluated. The characterization of bio-treated cotton fabrics was analyzed by XRD, which demonstrated that the enzymatic attack would improve the crystallinity of the cotton.

Abstract: New lumping kinetic models, considering the effects of the nitrogen content in product and the correction coefficient of LHSV, were proposed to describe the hydrodesulfurization of crude Longkou shale oil. The kinetic parameters were obtained using nonlinear regression of the experimental data which were conducted in a bench-scale trick-bed reactor with NiW/Al₂O₃ catalyst at various conditions. The results show that the 4-lump model is the optimal model. The values of apparent activation energies of lumps 1, 2, 3 and 4 are 51.14, 62.64, 130 and 166.42kJ/mol, respectively. The validation and application of the 4-lump model were also investigated.

Abstract: The study of the epoxy-based anisotropic conductive adhesive in electronic packaging interconnects applications (chip-on-glass, chip-on-flex, etc. especially in RFID applications) has received particular attention. This is due to its potential advantages of finer pitch printing, reducing environmental contamination. The thermal curing process is critical to develop the ultimate electrical and mechanical properties of the ACA devices. In this article, the curing kinetics of ACA was studied with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) under constant heating rates conditions in the range of 520 °C/min. The model free method was used to describe the curing reaction. The degree-of-cure and the activation energy through the whole conversion range were mathematically determined and used to predict the progress of the curing process. Experimental results show that the activation energy of the ACA varies significantly with degree-of-cure during the curing process. The peculiar phenomenon indicates that the ACA underwent a complex series of reactions. The kinetics of curing reaction changes when large conversion values are reached at low heating rates. The change in the reaction kinetics is due to vitrification of the ACA during heating. In addition, the degree-of-cure of the ACA as a function of bonding times during isothermal ACA bonding process was theoretically predicted.

Abstract: Hydro-thermal method was applied to synthesize nanoTiO₂ particles doped with metal and non-metallic elements. nanoTiO₂ particles were doped at different calcinations temperatures with S and Fe, Ce and La, respectively. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the minimum diameter of nanoTiO₂ doped with Ce and S was about 7.2nm, which is smaller than other type of double-element doped nanoTiO₂. In addition, with the increase of calcinations temperature, the size of nanoTiO₂ particle increased and the diameter of nanoTiO₂ doped with Fe and S was the most obvious one. Rhodamine B was used to simulate the pollutant to analyze the photocatalytic property of doped nanoTiO₂. The results indicated that the degradation rate of rhodamine B by nanoTiO₂ doped with La and S under the calcinations temperature of 450 °C reached66.22%.

Abstract: The adsorption energy and structural properties of Cr doped armchair (5, 5) single-walled silicon or Carbon nanotubes are investigated in detail by the first-principles theory. It is found that Cr atom above on hole position is most energetically favorable for SWSiNTs, which means that Cr atom is prone to absorb on Silicon nanotubes than Carbon nanotubes. Structural analyses suggest that Cr adsorption in silicon nanotubes induces the dehybridization of mixed sp²-sp³ hybrid orbital and the subsequent formation of sp³-like orbital. That enhances the adsorption energy of silicon nanotubes.

Abstract: In this research, the influences of acid cellulase on indigo backstaining at cotton surface were investigated. It was observed that more amount of celluase protein bound on the cotton would result in higher backstaining, indicating the direct adsorption between cellulase and indigo. It was also found that smaller indigo particle could generate higher backstaining because of its bigger specific area. At last, nonionic surfactant AEO-9 and protease were added to investigate their ability to remove backstaining. It was concluded that both of them could reduce the backstaining efficiently.

Abstract: In this paper, the empirical kinetics models for athermal martensite transformation in plain carbon and low alloy steels were reviewed. Four models based on an exponential function were selected and evaluated by comparing with the published values of M₅₀ and M₉₀ temperatures. It was confirmed that the model proposed by Lee and Van Tyne resulted in more accurate predictions of athermal martensite transformation kinetics by considering the composition dependent parameters and the exponent term to express a sigmoidal shaped curve.

Abstract: The hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of Longkou shale oil were carried out in microscale trick-bed reactor over a commercial NiW/Al₂O₃ catalyst with high HDN activity. The effects of temperature, pressure, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) and hydrogen/oil ratio on the conversions of total, basic and non-basic nitrogen compounds were investigated at various conditions (340-420°C, 0.2-2h^-1, 4-9MPa and 400-1000 L/L). The results show that basic nitrogen compounds have higher HDN reactivity than non-basic nitrogen. The distributions and species of nitrogen compounds in Longkou shale oil were also investigated. About 33% of total nitrogen is present in big molecules with high boiling point. The nitrogen compounds in Longkou shale oil are mainly composed by seven kinds of components ( nitriles, anilines, pyridines, quinolines, acridines, carbazoles and indoles).