Advanced Materials Research Vol. 803

Abstract: Abstract: The technology that CuCl residue from Zn hydrometallurgy was dried by microwave heating was studied. The influence of the drying duration, drying temperature and material thickness on dehydration rate was investigated. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique was utilized to optimize the process conditions. The optimum conditions for drying CuCl residue have been identified to be an drying temperature of 80°C, drying duration of 11 min and material thickness of 16 mm. The optimum conditions resulted in an CuCl residue with moisture content of 4.97%, which could ensure remove chlorine of CuCl residue by microwave roasting.

Abstract: The exploratory experiments of precipitating vanadium which simulated the process conditions in a vanadium plant with the indexes of vanadium loss and the cost were tested with industrial sulfuric acid and flue-gas sulfuric acid in laboratory, respectively. The technology optimizations were studied by selecting the experimental group with the lowest vanadium loss and cost. The results indicate that the vanadium loss and cost are the lowest by one-step vanadium precipitation with flue-gas sulfuric acid, and the optimum processes are as follows: the pH of solution is adjusted to 2.2 after adding the vanadium precipitation agent; the precipitation is proceeded 1 hour at 99°C or 100°C. The vanadium loss and cost per 1000 kg V2O3 are respectively 3.06 kg and 763.18 yuan by the optimum processes, which are much less than the processes with industrial sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic fuel. At present, biodiesel is primarily produced in batch reactors in which the required energy is provided by heating accompanied by mechanical mixing. Alternatively, ultrasonic processing is an effective way to attain required mixing while providing the necessary activation energy. Biodiesel was synthesized by palm oil using ultrasonication and alkali-acid catalysis method. Its structure was characterized by gas chromatograph, and the effects of various factors on transesterification rate were studied. The results show that biodiesel yield in excess of 95% can be achieved in 30 min, at the 40Hz amplitude level, methanol/oil weight ratio of 1.3, 0.5% of alkaline, reaction temperature of 50-60 °C.

Abstract: Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic fuel. At present, biodiesel is primarily produced in batch reactors in which the required energy is provided by heating accompanied by mechanical mixing. Alternatively, ultrasonic processing is an effective way to attain required mixing while providing the necessary activation energy. Biodiesel was synthesized by waste cooking oil using ultrasonication and alkali-acid catalysis method. Its structure was characterized by gas chromatograph, and the effects of various factors on transesterification rate were studied. The results show that a biodiesel yield in excess of 91% can be achieved in 30 min, at the 30Hz amplitude level, methanol/oil weight ratio of 1.3, 2% of alkaline, reaction temperature of 40-50 °C..

Abstract: Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) was used as a as a toughening agent and mixed with the phenolic resin to prepare the foam. The effects of polyethyleneglycol on mechanical and flame retardant properties of phenolic foam were studied by compressive strength, tensile strength, heat stability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UL-94 and limited oxygen index (LOI). The apparent density and SEM results showed that the addition of PEG can decrease the apparent density of phenolic foam. The compressive, impact test results showed that the incorporation of PEG into PF dramatically improved the compressive strength, impact strength, indicating the excellent toughening effect of PEG. The LOI of PEG modified phenolic foams remained a high value and the UL-94 results showed all samples can pass V-0 rating, indicating the modified foams still had good flame retardance. The thermal properties of the foams were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis.

Abstract: Spent tea leaves (STL), a valueless waste produced during the manufacturing of tea beverages, were investigated as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of the azo dyes Reactive Blue 19 (RB19), Reactive Red 120 (RR 120), Reactive Violet 5 (RV5) and Reactive Green 19 (R19) from wastewater. Untreated STL showed very low removal efficiency (< 7%), while a significant increase in dye adsorption was observed when they were thermally activated. Heating STL to 300 °C for 1 hour resulted in removal efficiencies ranging from 68.5 to 98.4%. Characterization of the waste by FTIR and TG/DTA indicated that major structural and/or chemical changes of the cellulose and hemicellulose components of STL occurred during heating.

Abstract: A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardants (MIFR), was synthesized, and its structure was a caged bicyclic macromolecule containing phosphorus characterized by IR. Rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) were modified with MIFR to get the flame retardant PUF, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by UL 94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI). 25% of weight of MIFR were doped into PUF to get 24.5 of LOI and UL 94 V-0. The thermal properties of epoxy resins containing MIFR were investigated with thermogravimetry (TG). Activation energy for the decomposition of samples was obtained using Kissinger equation. The resultant data show that for PUF containing MIFR, compared with PUF, MIFR decreased weight loss, thermal stability, increased the char yield. The activation energy for the decomposition of EP is 205 kJ/mol while it becomes 162 kJ/mol for PUF containing MIFR, decreased by 42 kJ/mol, which shows that IFR can catalyze decomposition and carbonization of PUF.

Abstract: As an important biogenic amine, octopamine plays a role of neurotransmitter in organism. Recent researches revealed that it has an important preventive function on obesity and typeIIdiabetes. As raw materials of food and health food or auxiliary preparation for clinical medicine, octopamine can be used independently or jointly with other materials for weight loss and diabetes treatment. Natural octopamine mainly exists in fish sauce. It is possible to extract octopamine from fish sauce and develop health products. In this study, an effective method was studied to extract octopamine (OA) from fish sauce by means of macroporous adsorption resin (H103) which showed its static saturated adsorption of 2.925 mg·g^-1 (dry resin) and high efficiency in separate adsorption. 30% ethanol was as eluent in H103 resin adsorption with its elutive power 98.04%. Macroporous resin H103 after properly treated could be used to extract octopamine. This study also provided the experimental basis for the industrial production of natural octopamine.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the effects that influence Vaporous Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP) decontamination, including: VHP concentration,H₂O₂ solution concentration, the particle diameter of VHP, the temperature of VHP, the production rate of VHP, the contamination species, the contamination density, the surface properties of the contaminated material, the state of agent on the surface and the temperature and humidity of the decontaminated space. With analysis, the paper comes up with an optimal parameter of decontamination effect and provides a theoretical basis for VHP decontamination research.