Advanced Materials Research Vol. 830

Abstract: Consider heavy metal pollution of topsoil in the city of world today is a hot science research project. A fuzzy clustering algorithm l is constructed ed by analyzing the propagation characteristics of heavy metal pollutants. Considering topography, areas, factories, roads, , irredentist, etc. we calculate a evaluation on comprehensive pollution, and the degree of heavy metals pollution, by using fuzzy clustering and fuzzy AHP. The results show that the index of the comprehensive pollution of heavy metals on the region, and the weight of pollution of each category.

Abstract: A simple, sensitive, green and low cost detection method based on the cloud point extraction (CPE) separation and spectrophotometry was proposed for the determination of lead. In pH=9.0 H3BO3 buffer solution, Pb(II) reacts with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) in the presence of Triton X-100 yielding a hydrophobic complex, which then is extracted into micro-volume surfactant-rich phase. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 20-400 µg/L (at 560 nm). Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of 10.94 µg/L and the relative standard deviations(RSD) of 2.0% (n=5) for Lead(II) were found, respectively. The sensitivity and absorbance of this method are at least five times higher when compared with that of usual 5-Br-PADAP spectrophotometry without CPE, and the proposed method has been applied to the determination of Lead in environment water samples with satisfactory results.

Abstract: This paper mainly discussed the relations about the environmental effects of soil salt in the arid area in the west China,especially under the human being activity.Based on soil sampling and chemical analysis,some features are fund out. From the beginning of soil physical and chemical properties,the spacial distribution features and temporal change characteristics of soil salt are pointed out. Furthormore,the complexity of environmental effects of soil salt are revealed in a sense.In order to improve environmental quality,human beings should pay attention to the coupling between water and soil as well as the water resource,vegetation resource and land resource management in the arid area.

Abstract: Li River appeared successively three times floods during May 8-17, 2012. We were high-frequency monitoring during the flood once every hour, real time monitoring the pH value, water temperature, EC(electrical conductivity), pCO₂(carbon dioxide partial pressure), HCO₃^- and flow rate, analyzing karst carbon sinks dynamic changes during the flood. It was found that river hydrochemistry and karst carbon sinks in different stages with different variations in Li River. These floods were divided into 5 stages to discuss, researches have shown: AtIand Vstage the river hydrochemistry is not subjected to flooding, pCO₂ and pH value, water temperature has distinct characteristics of diurnal variation. EC, flow rate and HCO₃^- is relatively stable; II, III and IV stage appear different changes characteristics are due to effects of flood, flow rate and HCO₃^- have a positive correlation at IV stage, with opposite of stage II and III stage. We use water chemistry-runoff method to calculate the amount of carbon sinks in the flood, found in the flood related coefficients between carbon sink and HCO₃^-, flow rate respectively 0.87 and 0.33. The carbon sink is 3491.06 t C during the flood monitoring, in which carbon sink at IVstage in flood are 4.52 times prior to the flood, which account for that carbon sink in the flood is much larger than the front of flood.

Abstract: Spectrophotometry determination of Al (III) with new color reagent p-Carboxyarsenazo(CAA) was reported, and the chromomeric reaction between CAA and Al (III) was studied. In a buffer medium of pH=4.6 HAc-NaAc, CAA reacts with Al (III) to form a red complex and exhibits an absorption maxima at 614nm; Beer,s law is obeyed for 0.10~0.80 μg/mL of Alumium in color solution, the color reaction exhibited high sensitivity (the apparent molar absorptivity obtained is 1.61×104 L/(mol.cm)), and the absorbance fit linear regression equation is A=0.0105+0.561X(μg/mL), the correlation coefficient is 0.9998, the detection limit of the method is 0.36 μg/L. The results obtained by this method in the determination of environment water samples were rapid, accurate and satisfactorily.

Abstract: Wetlands is a superior way to purify water environment. However monitoring and discriminating among vegetation covers types are critical to understanding population distribution, biogeochemical functioning and the process of wetland recovery. Recently, remote sensing technology has become an important tool to monitor wetland vegetation. Typical wetland plants Bidens Pilosa, Scirpus planiculumis, Phragmites australis and Typha angustifolia in Wild duck wetland were chosen, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyze the spectral characteristics. There were typical vegetation spectral characteristics of dominant species spectral reflectance curve. There are differences among reflective spctral characteristic of species, especially in the green peak and steep reflection. According to the results of Mann-Whitney U-test, the highest frequency bands appeared in702-715732-745747nm, the classification precision of Bidens pilosa , Scirpus planiculumis and Phragmites australis are 100%, 100%, 80%. While It is difficult to distinguish Typha angustifolia from other species effectively using the three spectrum regions.

Abstract: Liaohe River is one of seven big river in China, its environmental pollution control is an important task all the time. In this paper, Liaohe River basin ecological footprint was introduced, water quality and ecological restoration measures were analyzed in the period of the 9th Five-Year, the 10th Five-Year and the 11th Five-Year, the development on ecological restoration in the 12th Five-Year was put forward.

Abstract: The contradiction between water shortage and social needs has become an important factor restricting economic development. As freshwater, flood could be used as the natural resources to resolve the problem of water shortage, and also has some environmental benefits. Taking Danjiangkou reservoir as example, we adopt dynamic control method of limited water level to discuss the potential socioeconomic benefits of flood utilization.

Abstract: To study the changes of biomass of plankton and algae in lake environment, a new model was purposed. We applied the methods of qualitative analysis and numerical simulations. The main results were that there was a periodic solution, a globally stable equilibrium in this model under specific conditions, respectively. In conclusion, as increases of rate c, on which plankton are swallowed, there is a static equilibrium, a dynamic equilibrium, and then the equilibrium disappear, and at last the boundary point is globally stable, which means that plankton become extinct.

Abstract: This experiment conducts a research on the decoloration of Indigo Carmine dye solution by use of the spraying dielectric barrier discharge coupling corona discharge system to determine the optimum reaction conditions. The purpose of this experiment is to improve the energy efficiency of refractory organics to the utmost.