Emission Characteristics of Water in Diesel Nanoemulsions in Diesel Engine

Abstract:

Nanoemulsions are a class of nanomaterials which play an increasingly important role in commercial and environmental aspects. Water-in-diesel (W/D) nanoemulsion is considered one of the environmental friendly alternative fuels for reducing the emission pollution of internal combustion engine such as diesel engines. In this context, a study has been made to evaluate the combustion characteristics of W/D nanoemulsion fuel. A wide range of surfactant concentration (0.25% to 0.40% v/v) with varying amount of water percentage (0.5% to 0.8% v/v) was used in the preparation of W/D nanoemulsion fuel. The high energy emulsification method was applied to prepare W/D nanoemulsions. The combustion characteristics of W/D nanoemulsions are presented in terms of different formulating compositions. An engine test bed was used to combust the W/D nanoemulsions for measuring the exhaust emission concentrations such as CO, CO₂ and NH₃. A reduction in the concentrations of exhaust gas emissions was notified.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 832)
• Pages: 248-253
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.832.248
• Online since: November 2013
• Authors: B.S. Bidita, Suraya Abdul Rashid, Azni B. Idris, Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh
• Keywords: Environmental Fuel, Exhaust Gas Emission, Surfactant, W/D Nanoemulsion

References

[1] G.W.J. Lee, T.F. Tadros, Formation and stability of emulsions produced by dilution of emulsifiable concentrates. Part I. An investigation of the dispersion on dilution of emulsifiable concentrates containing cationic and non-ionic surfactants, Colloids Surf 5 (1989) 105–115.

DOI: 10.1016/0166-6622(82)80066-8

[2] H. Sagitani, S. Friberg, B. Lindman, Emulsion and emulsion stability, Marcel Dekker, New York (1992) 259–271.

[3] A. Forgiarini, J. Esquena, C. Gonzalez, C. Solans, Formation of nanoemulsions by low energy emulsification methods at constant temperature, Langmuir. 17 (2001) 2076–2083.

DOI: 10.1021/la001362n

[4] C.Y. Lin, J. Y. Pan, The effects of sodium sulfate on the emission characteristics of emulsified marine diesel oil-fired furnace, Ocean Engineering 28(4) (2001) 347–360.

DOI: 10.1016/s0029-8018(00)00006-8

[5] J. A. Harbach, V. Agosta, Effects of emulsified fuel on combustion in a four-stroke diesel engine, J Ship Res 35(4) (1991) 356–363.

DOI: 10.5957/jsr.1991.35.4.356

[6] J. M. Ballester, N. Fueyo, C. Dopazo, Combustion characteristics of heavy oil-water emulsions, Fuel 75 (1996) 695.

DOI: 10.1016/0016-2361(95)00309-6

[7] K. Meleson, S. Graves, T. G. Mason, Formation of concentrated nanoemulsions by extreme shear soft mater 2 (2004) 109.

DOI: 10.1081/smts-200056102

[8] D. Myers, Surfaces, Interfaces, and Colloids, New York: Wiley, 1999.

[9] D. A. Ismail, Overview of NOx Emission Controls in Marine Diesel Engines, Energy Sources 24(4) 321-327.

[10] L. Anna, H. Krister, Water-in-diesel emulsions and related systems, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science (2006) 231–239.

[11] C.Y. Lin, K.H. Wang, Diesel engine performance and emission characteristics using three-phase emulsions as fuel, Fuel. 83 (2004) 537-545.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2003.08.012

[12] M. Nadeem, C. Rangkuti, K. Anuar, M. R. U. Haq, I. B. Tan, S. S. Shah, Diesel engine performance and emission evaluation using emulsified fuels stabilized by conventional and Gemini surfactants, Fuel 85 (2006) 2111-2119.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.03.013

[13] A. Luc, H. David, Phase inversion of polyacrylamide-based inverse-emulsions: Influence of inverting-surfactant type and concentration, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 103 (2007) 3567–3584.

DOI: 10.1002/app.25062