Advanced Materials Research Vol. 858

Abstract: This article discusses the beneficiation of glass sand at Rayong province in the eastern part of Thailand . The process consists of revolving screen, hydrocyclone, attrition scrubber, tank classifier, spiral concentrator, wet high intensity magnetic separator and closed loop water recycling system. There are 13 glass sand processing plants in this area with the overall capacity 2 million tons per year and supply glass sand to float glass and flat glass industry, glassware industry, glass packaging industry, ceramic industry and chemical industry in Thailand. Keywords: Glass sand, Revolving screen, Hydrocyclon, Attrition scrubber, Tank classifier, Spiral concentrator, Wet high intensity magnetic separator, Closed loop water recycling system.

Abstract: The reduction of Malaysia Ilmenite (FeTiO₃) with coal by carbothermal reduction under N₂ atmosphere was studied. Characterization of raw materials was done by XRD, XRF, Optical Microscopy (OM) and SEM analysis. Isothermal experiments were carried out using the pellets in a horizontal tube reactor with continuously flowing gas. From the experiments, 0-10 wt. % of FeCl₃ was added in the ilmenite-coal mixtures before reduction. The mixture was reduced at 1100°C for 60, 120 and 180 minutes. The addition of FeCl₃ acted as a catalyst and increased the rate of reduction. The microstructures of the reduced sample were porous with the addition of FeCl₃. Furthermore, defects were observed due to increase release of Cl₂ and CO during reduction. FeCl₃ acted as catalyst in the gasification of coal by the Boudouard reaction. SEM analysis indicates that the microstructure of the particles was coarsened due to the addition of catalyst. Besides that, there was less agglomeration of metallic iron particles at higher addition of FeCl₃. The effect of FeCl₃ on the morphology iron was the nucleation of microscopic iron rich zones in the reduced sample. Keywords: Carbothermal Reduction, Iron Chloride, Malaysian Ilmenite, Nitridation, Titanium Oxycarbonitride.

Abstract: In cement manufacturing, the finish grinding circuit consumes more energy from the raw grinding circuit. Thus, it is necessary for the system to have an efficient air classifier in order to reduce the energy consumption of the cement production. A mathematical model was developed for describing the air classification in the air classifier, in the finish grinding circuit. Samples were collected around the air classifier feed, product and reject. In the laboratory, particle size analysis was done to the samples. Modelling and simulation studies were carried out using JKSimMet software. In order to verify the validity of the model, extensive surveys were performed at different operating conditions. The product and reject of the air classifier for the extensive surveys were predicted by using simulation based on the model that has been developed. The observed and predicted data for particle size distribution agreed closely for the new conditions.

Abstract: The Phu Kham Cu-Au deposit Porphyry-related skarn-type mineralization, Lao PDR is hosted by complexly deformed, schistose, quartz-sericite-pyrite altered Permo-Carboniferous volcanic, volcaniclastic and intrusive rocks. These rocks occupy the immediate hanging wall of a large NE-dipping thrust fault. Unmineralized, variably deformed red beds of the Mesozoic Khorat basin occur in the foot wall to the thrust. At Phu Kham the well defined foot wall and hanging wall sequences are separated by poorly-stratified quartz-rich conglomerate, breccia and lesser sandstone of uncertain affinities. In previous studies, the conglomerate package has both been included in the Khorat basin succession and interpreted tostratigraphically underlie the Permo-Carboniferous volcanics. Structural studies and additional U-P zircon geochronology were undertaken in 2009 to help clarify geological relations at Phu Kham. Improved constraints on thrust geometry and kinematics were also sought, enabling the deformation history at Phu Kham to be more confidently placed into a regional context. Results indicate the thrust was emplaced from the NE, and thus has greater affinity with deformation patterns in the NW-trending Truong Son fold belt.The conglomerate package is reinterpreted as a syn-orogenic molasse deposited ahead of the Advancing allochthon, but eventually overridden during the final stages of thrustemplacement. Unfortunately, definitive geochronological data supporting this conlusion were not obtained.