Advanced Materials Research Vols. 864-867

Abstract: This article describes four kinds of oxidation technology in organic wastewater treatment methods and techniques applied in treatment of organic wastewater by scope and advantages and disadvantages. Key word organic wastewater oxidation technology treatment methods

Abstract: The paper first discusses the relativity between alternative combustion andNOx emissions by a test in dry cement kiln, and a lot of case on fuel alternative The main findings of the study are that the use of RDF in cement kilns instead of coal or coke offers environmental benefits and reduce NOx emission. The conclusion is that the NOx generation can probably be lower because of lower flame temperatures or lower air excess and low nitrogen content in comparison with fossil fuels also is impartment reason., another a fact that most of the nitrogen (N) in biomass is released as ammonia (NH3) which acts as a reducing agent with NOx to form nitrogen (N2).

Abstract: The droplet aerosol generated by human expiratory (breath, cough, sneezing) is a major indoor biological pollutant and can lead to allergy, asthma, infectious disease and so on. The transmission of the droplet aerosol has a hugely influence on the health of occupants. This paper summarized the distribution and transmission of droplet aerosol generated by human expiratory, reviewed the factors which influenced the air transmission and the model of transmission of the investigated droplet aerosol. In addition, the current problem and future research about the human expiratory droplet aerosol in indoor environment were discussed in the paper.

Abstract: The eutrophication problem of Dianchi Lake has been more and more serious. Based on the current situation of rural water environment,this paper carried out a survey of Dianchi Lake Basin rural water environment, in order to explore the proper technique for the local sewage pollution control. According to the water environment management requirements, this paper suggested the rural sewage treatment techniques and the treatment degree should be divided into four levels, provided a basis for Dianchi Lake Basin rural water environment control.

Abstract: Inhalable particles do harm to the environment and health, especially fine particles, also as PM2.5. PM2.5 is the key pollutant of the compound air pollution, and becomes the primary indicator of the urban air pollution. Source apportionment to track the source of the particulate matter is important to the evaluation of the effect of pollution sources on environment and health. It can also provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of air pollution. Methods of chemical source apportionment have been accurate and developed based on the assumption of linear combination of receptor model with much mathematical computing and complex operations. The physical characteristics such as morphology and size distribution of particulates from different sources are significantly different. We could establish data base of physical properties about atmospheric particulates, and develop a new physical method of source apportionment used in quantitative analysis.

Abstract: The pollution characterizations of water-soluble anions of PM_2.5 (fine particle matter with aerodynamical diameter <2.5 m="" in="" wuhan="" economic="" and="" technological="" development="" zone="" china="" were="" studied="" during="" april="" 2013="" the="" concentration="" of="" pm="" sub="">2.5 and four kinds of water-soluble anions that consisted of fluoride (F^-), chloride (Cl^-), sulfate (SO₄^2-), and nitrate (NO₃^- ) were determined. The results indicated that the urban air quality in Wuhan was polluted by fine particle matter to some extent. During the monitoring period, there were 50% of the daily mean concentration of PM_2.5 exceeded the China second-class ambient air quality standards (75μgm^-3). The concentrations of water-soluble anions in PM_2.5 followed the order of SO₄^2- > NO₃^-> F^- > Cl^-. SO₄^2- and NO₃^- were the dominant anions in Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, and contributed more than 70% to the total measured water-soluble anions. The mean ratio of NO₃^- and SO₄^2- in PM_2.5 was calculated to be 0.49, which indicated that coal combustion was the major source of PM_2.5 in Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, China.

Abstract: Using portable emission measurement system, an experimental study on the NOx emission characteristics of city bus in practical operation are conducted, the eigenvalue of driving cycle are analyzed by short trip method. The results show that: idling time accounted for 20.392%, ratio of acceleration which between -0.5 m/s2 and 0.5 m/s2 accounted for as high as 83.314%.NOx emissions are greatly affected by the speed of vehicle: the instantaneous rate and total amount of NOx emission under high speed are much higher than low speed, the average urea injection under high speed is 3.5 times than low speed. When the vehicle speed is between 20-25km/h, the average emission rate of NOx is about 0.074g/s，while the time proportion of urea injection is under 40%;while the vehicle speed is above 55km/h, the average emission rate of NOx is about 0.025g/s，while the time proportion of urea injection can reach as high as 80%.

Abstract: The concentration and distribution of metal (Fe, Al, Mn and Cr) elements in agricultural and non-agricultural soils were investigated in upstream of the Pearl River, China. The result showed that total Fe, Al and Cr concentrations in agricultural soils were higher than those in non-agricultural soils, while total Mn concentrations in agricultural soils were lower than those in non-agricultural soils, indicating that agricultural input, such as water irrigation, fertilizer and pesticide application, may have led to the accumulation of Fe, Al and Cr in agricultural soils. Total concentrations of the metal elements in agricultural and non-agricultural soils were compared with the background values of Yunnan soil, the result showed Fe, Al, Mn and Cr were lower in both agricultural and non-agricultural soils in the study area.

Abstract: Concentration of 7 heavy metals in 269 topsoil samples were determined which collected from Shilou town of Fangshan district in Beijing, and the data was analyzed by the single factor index and the Nemerow index for the soil environment quality evaluation. The mean values of the heavy metals were 8.24 ± 1.42, 0.209 ± 0.07, 62.99 ±8.89, 0.133 ± 0.11, 25.29 ± 5.02, 23.91 ± 5.72 and 86.29 ± 28.13 mg kg-1 for As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Average concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn exceeded the background value of Beijing area. It was found that all heavy metals were not in normal distribution. The soil environment quality was evaluated by single factor pollution index and Nemerow index of heavy metals. The order of single factor index was Cd, Zn, Hg, Cu, Cr, Pb, As in decreasing. Average Nemerow index of soil was 0.918. This value was reached to the grade III standard of soil environmental quality assessment classification.

Abstract: The chemical speciation of metal (Mg, K, Ca and Na) in agricultural and non-agricultural soils was investigated in upstream of the Pearl River, China. The result showed that the four metals speciation distributions of the agricultural soils were similar to those of the non-agricultural soils. Mg were dominated by the residual fraction, the order of Mg in each fraction was residual fraction > weak acid soluble fraction reducible fraction > oxidizable fraction. The distribution patterns of Na and K were similar, in most of the samples, the orders of Na and K in each fraction were residual fraction > weak acid soluble fraction > oxidizable fraction > reducible fraction. The order of Ca in each fraction was weak acid soluble fraction > reducible fraction > oxidizable fraction residual fraction. The bioavailability of Ca in the area was very high in both agricultural and non-agricultural soils.