Advanced Materials Research Vols. 884-885

Abstract: Chlorine, Sodium hypochlorite, Chlorine dioxide, Ozone and Ultraviolet ray disinfection are often used for hospital wastewater sterilization, among which, the comparison in technology and economy have been made in order to put forward the practical method for county and town level hospital wastewater treatment. And it is recommended that effective complex chlorine dioxide generator be used as the preferred method of wastewater sterilization.

Abstract: This paper compared the measurement of ammonia and nitrogen in surface water by spectrophotometry and flow injection analysis, and the results indicate: Nessler method detection range of 0.02~2.0 mg/L, and detection limit is 0.02mg/L; flow injection detection range 0.01~ 10mg/L, and the detection limit is 0.001mg/L, 50 samples analyzed rate is 50 samples/h; flow injection is simple and in good linearity, and the sensitivity, precision and accuracy can meet the analytical requirement with better analysis speed, low consumption of reagents and samples, which is a sensitive, selective and friendly analysis method, which will be the future development trend.

Abstract: This paper demonstrated the photochromic behavior of two novel spiropyran functionalized dendrigraft polybutadiene with linear-comb and star-comb architectures (LC-PB-Sp and SC-PB-Sp, respectively). LC-PB-Sp and SC-PB-Sp were synthesized via the combination of anionic polymerization and click chemistry methodology. The photochromic behavior was investigated based on UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that the coloring speed was in an order of v (Sp) >v (SC-PB-Sp) >v (LC-PB-Sp), while the discoloration speed exhibited in an order of v (SC-PB-Sp) >v (LC-PB-Sp) >v (Sp), suggesting that the nonpolar dendritic PB matrices tended to stabilize the nonpolar closed form of spiropyran. Furthermore, the retrieval rate of SC-PB-Sp was much faster than its corresponding LC-PB-Sp due to its more compact structure.

Abstract: The major objectives of this study are to experimentally investigate the influences of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) used in oil recovery on characters of crude oil. The HPAM is SNF 3640D from SNF Floerger in French. The experiments were putting HPAM with different concentrations into crude oil, and analyzing the basal characters of crude oil. Settling experimental results showed that the content of resin and asphaltene were decrease with the increase of HPAM concentrations. The viscosity of crude oil had relation to HPAM concentrations, when the concentration of HPAM reaching 700 mg/l, the viscosity would increase about 15 percent. The forms of HPAM were observed by environment scanning electron microscope (ESEM) also changed, at first the HPAM gathered into mass, in the end the HPAM was taken off with produced water presented longer linear.

Abstract: Cassava stillage residue (CSR), the solid wastes generated from cassava-based bio-ethanol production, can be used to produce ethanol because of its high contents of cellulose. This study has focused on the pretreatment of CSR using the ionic liquid (IL) of 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl). The changes in surface morphology, particle size and functional groups of pretreated CSR were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser diffraction instrument and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that [Bmim]Cl pretreatment could significantly damage the structure of cassava cellulose and increase the enzymatic saccharification rate.

Abstract: In the present article, hard anodizing technique was used to prepare alumina films on aluminum alloy substrate. The change of the water contact angles on the surface of the as-anodized samples with the hard anodizing process parameters was studied. The wettability of the alumina films was reinforced by means of controlling the surface microstructure. The rough structures can trap a large amount of air and minimize the real contact area between surfaces and water droplets. The measurement of the wetting property showed that the water contact angle of the as-anodized samples increases from 82° to 130° with adjusting hard anodizing process parameters. In a word, the rough structure on the surface prepared by adjusting hard anodizing process parameters plays a vital role in the constructing of the stable hydrophobic surface on aluminum alloy.

Abstract: Stirred tank reactor is one of the three typical chemical machinery equipments and widely used in petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical and other industrial fields .It is the basis of understanding the flow of fluid in stirred tank for optimizing design of reactor. This paper aims at the process of suspension polymerization of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which is an important raw material of chemical production, and uses conventional design method to design the PVC stirred tank of 50m³ from the structure design. According to the fluid dynamics theory, standard K-E turbulent calculation model is established under the function of impeller, the corresponding boundary conditions are listed, and the grid is carried out successfully. And finally the FLOTRAN CFD software is used to simulate the complex flow field and flow pattern according to the multiple reference frame method.

Abstract: We have investigated the effect of zirconium oxide on the thermal degradation and flame retardancy of viscose fibers. ZrO₂/cellulose fiber was prepared by wet spinning. Combustion behaviour and flammability were assessed using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and thermogravimetric analysis from ambient temperature to 800°C and cone calorimetry. LOI results showed that the ZrO₂ increased the LOI of viscose fiber from 20% to 26%, which showed that ZrO₂ particles had a positive effect on cellulose flame-retardancy. Results from thermogravimetric analysis (TG) indicated that the ZrO₂/cellulose fibers produced greater quantities of residues than viscose fibers. The combustion residues were examined using the scanning electron microscopy, indicating that ZrO₂/cellulose fiber produced consistent, thick residues. Cone calorimetry indicated that heat release rate and total heat release values of ZrO₂/cellulose fiber were less than those of viscose fibers.

Abstract: In view of troubles during the operation of desulfurization device for Pangang 260 m² sintering machine, influence on absorption/desorption capacity of the desulfurization solution was investigated, including concentrations of Na⁺, SO₄^2- and desulfurization solution. The results showed that it was beneficial for sulfur dioxide (SO₂) absorption and there was no significant effect on desorption efficiency, when Na⁺ and SO₄^2- concentration was lower than 15 g/L and 67 g/L, respectively. When the concentration of desulfurization solution reached 113 g/L, Na⁺ and SO₄^2-concentrations had no significant effect on absorption/desorption of the desulfurization solution. The results also indicated that desorption was more difficult with higher of the desulfurization solution concentration. The desorption efficiency of 113 g/L desulfurization solution was 10 %-17 % lower than that of 69 g/L desulfurization solution.

Abstract: In order to further enhance oil recovery (EOR) of the high temperature and high salt oil fields by foam flooding, one foaming agent was screened by airflow method. The influence of oil-water and pressure on foamability and stability were evaluated,and oil displacement experiment was also conducted. The results show that CS-1 foaming agent has better foamability and stability than the others under the reservoir conditions (Temperature 110 °C, Salinity 11.52×10⁴ mg/L, Ca²⁺&Mg²⁺ 7654 mg/L). The foam stability will be better as the pressure rise or be worse when it met the crude oil. Oil recovery was improved by 4.13% after waterflood and the total recovery is 60.75%.