Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: The residual oil in situ microbial gasification technology is a new method to extend the life of oil reservoir, which means using the microbial to transform petroleum hydrocarbons into methane under anaerobic conditions, then the oil reservoir can be exploited or stored in situ. 50ml samples were added to 120ml sterile anaerobic bottle, at the same time, residual oxygen was removed under a gentle stream of high purity nitrogen by Hungate, then the bottle was filled tightly with rubber stoppers to remain strictly anaerobic state. These samples were placed in the incubator in dark condition. 100 days later, methane was detected by gas chromatography analyzing headspace gas, so it is used as inoculum for enrichment culture. 5ml inoculum above mentioned was added to the oil reservoir conditions simulated reactors. The ones with 10ml crude oil sample is (Y), the ones without crude oil sample is (N), at the same time, 10ml inorganic salt culture medium was added to each reactor.

Abstract: The activities of methanogen are easily affected by inhibitory substances and lead to anaerobic digestion failure. To investigate inhibitory effects on methanogenesis of a methanogen-enriched sludge, pH, volatile fatty acids (such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid), and ammonia were used as inhibitory factors and a L₁₆(4⁵) orthogonal table was employed to design batch experiments. The result of variance analyses shows that pH has the greatest impact on the methanogenesis of the enriched culture. The impact of butyrate, NH₃, acetate and propionate was decreased in order. DGGE finger-print shows that there was only one methanogen in the inoculum sludge.

Abstract: pea starch and acrylamide were used as the raw materials, potassium peroxodisulfate and sodium sulfite were used as the initiator, EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) and urea were used as the auxiliaries to make starch grafting acrylamide polymer flocculating agent by the method of aqueous solution polymerization. The influence of reaction temperature, concentration of initiator and raw material ratio on the flocculating performance of products was analyzed by ternary quadratic orthogonal regression rotational combination experiment. The result shows that the flocculation effect will be the best when the reaction temperature is 60°C, the initiator is 5.00 ml, and the raw material ratio is 2.25.

Abstract: In the present study, we investigated the anti-fatigue activity in male Kunming mice with Soy isoflavones using a forced swimming test. Mice were divided into four groups (three Soy isoflavones administered groups and a control group). The control group was gavaged with distilled water and Soy isoflavones administered groups were gavaged with Soy isoflavones (10, 20 and 40mg/10g body weight /d). After four weeks, a forced swimming test was performed and the biochemical parameters related to fatigue were examined. The results suggested that Soy isoflavones could extend the swimming time to exhaustion of the mice. This indicated that Soy isoflavones had anti-fatigue activity and could elevate the exercise tolerance.

Abstract: Se concentration varies for different soil types, whether can be absorbed by plants is not related with the total amount of selenium, it is controlled by the bio-availability Se in soil. This paper is aim to look for the laws of the bio-availability Se in different soils, and find out an accuracy and effective method to extract the bio-available Se from different soil types. Digest the soil and tea leaves samples and used six methods (KH₂PO₄, NaHCO₃, HAC, MgCl₂, HCl, EDTA) to extract Se from the different soils, the result was measured by AFS. The mean values of total Se is 8.45μg/g in carbonaceous slates soil, 0.32μg/g and 0.41μg/g in malmstone soil, 0.78μg/g in shale soil. The maximum correlation coefficients (r) between the six extract methods and tea leaves about the extraction ratio of Se in four soils is 0.93188 with KH₂PO₄, 0.77097 and 0.83589 with NaHCO₃, 0.84231 with HAC. So it can be indicate that the total Se contents is carbonaceous slates soil>shale soil>malmstone soil, the best extract method for carbonaceous slates soil, malmstone soil and shale soil are KH₂PO₄, NaHCO₃, and HAC respectively.

Abstract: A lignin-degrading bacterium was isolated on mineral salt medium amended by lignosulfonate (L-MSM) agar from the activated sludge of a pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment plant and identified as Sphingobacterium sp. HY-H by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The maximum kraft lignin (KL) degradation capability of strain HY-H was determined to be 28.2% on a COD basis under the optimal conditions of pH 7.0, temperature 30°C, and KL to nitrogen (as NH₄Cl) ratio of 2 by mass. Moreover, growth kinetic studies showed the KL tolerance of strain HY-H was relatively high and the analysis of KL degradation products by GC-MS revealed the formation of low-molecular-weight aromatic compounds (LMWACs), such as guaiacol, vanillin and vanillyl alcohol, indicating that the strain HY-H can oxidize guaiacyl (G) units and syringyl (S) units in lignin structure. In addition, some low molecular ketone compounds such as 4-hydroxy-2-butanone and methyl vinyl ketone were detected in the inoculated sample after 48h, further validating the partial but possible degradation of KL by strain HY-H.

Abstract: To determine the effects of dietary selenium (Se) supplementary on muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense were exposed to three commonly used pesticides - cypermethrin. For each concentration of each pesticide, the shrimps were grouped into control diet group, inorganic Se group and organic Se group. For each concentration of each pesticide, the order of total SOD activities were organic Se diet group > inorganic Se diet group > control diet group. With the increasing concentrations of pesticides, the total SOD activities increased first and then decreased dramatically. This study indicated that Se supplementary in diet could enhance the resistance of shrimps against low concentrations of ambient contaminants.

Abstract: To determine the effects of dietary selenium (Se) supplementary on muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, oriental river prawn, Neocaridina heteropoda were exposed to commonly used pesticide-parathion. The shrimps were grouped into control diet group, inorganic Se group and organic Se group. For each concentration of pesticide, the order of total SOD activities were organic Se diet group > inorganic Se diet group > control diet group. With the increasing concentrations of pesticide, the total SOD activities increased first and then decreased dramatically. This study indicated that Se supplementary in diet could enhance the resistance of shrimps against low concentrations of ambient contaminants.

Abstract: To investigate the potential bioavailability and mobility of phosphorus (P) in suspended solids, the Standards, Measurements and Testing (SMT) programmers was employed to characterize the distribution of P in suspended solids from different treatment stage of KunmingWWTP.Results showed that: the main form of total phosphorus (TP) in suspended solids was inorganic phosphorus (IP) ,which accounted for 47%~60%.Amongdifferent forms of inorganic phosphorus, Iron-phosphorus was the dominant forms accounted for 82 % of total phosphorus while calcium-phosphorus was only the minor par. Throughout the process, the trend of changes in content is close between total phosphorus and organ phosphorus. Bioavailable phosphorus in suspended solids ranged from 5.903 mg·g^-1to7.376mg·g^-1 and occupied 89.64%to94.16% of the total phosphorus pool.

Abstract: As air conditioning system long-time running, microorganism like bacterium and fungus propagates easily in high humidity environment such as filter equipment. After the microorganism entering indoor environment through air conditioning system, the air quality would be affected seriously. Air conditioning system which is regarded as potential microbial pollution source is becoming more attention. The study was about isolation and identification of fungal microorganisms on the filter surface of the central air conditioning system in a gymnasium, and then researching on the colonies and mycelium grown and reproduce regular of fungal microorganisms in different thermal environment using thermal methods, aim to lay groundwork of propagation and diffusion mechanism study of fungal microorganisms in air conditioning system and effective air microbial contamination solve by thermal methods. By physiology biochemistry experiment and molecular biological identification, it was shown that the dominant fungi were Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp., colonies were 600 cfu/cm² and 140 cfu/cm² respectively.