Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: Autonomous coal fly ash modified by vitriol (H₂SO₄) was used to treat Phenol Waste Water. The treatment influences were determined by single-factor experiment and the prioritizing importance and optimizing combination of the influences were studied using orthogonal experiment. We found that the prioritizing importance of the influencing factors was as follow: dosage of ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) > dosage of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) > initial concentration of phenol > PH > the dosage of modified coal fly ash. The optimizing combination of the influences was 5 wt.% FeSO_4, 1 mL ; 3 wt.%H₂O₂, 7 mL; PH=5; initial concentration of phenol , 300 mg/L and the dosage of modified coal fly ash, 200 mg/L. Under the condition above, phenol removal rate was 99.46%.

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to determine effects of 6 treatments including without fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (CM), corn straw plus manure (SM), peat plus chicken manure ( PM), mushroom residue plus chicken manure (MM) and high level of chicken manure (HM) on different soil active organic carbon and carbon pool management index. The results showed that fertilization of chicken manure is difficult to prompt activation of soil that contains plenty of fulvic acid, but combined application of different organic fertilizers not only can significantly increase the soil organic matter content, also can balance the proportion between the components of soil humus, improve Hu/Fu. Compared to CK treatment after fertilization, there was a narrow range in HA/TOC, FA/TOC, HM/TOC of HM treatment that was only 4%-8%, but variations of 12%-25% was produced by SM, PM, MM treatment, and its Hu/Fu increased 98% - 292% compared with HM treatment; The quantity of soil microorganisms is enhanced mostly by the treatment of HM, and the increase of bacteria and fungi was the maximum, but the quantity of actinomycetes was increased mostly by MM treatment; high level of chicken manure treatment can increase the risk of nitrate accumulation, but combined application of different organic fertilizers can significantly reduce the nitrate accumulation of vegetables, improving the quality of vegetables. Compared with HM treatment, MM treatment reduces the nitrate content of 45%. Therefore, the results demonstrated that paid attention to the selection of organic fertilizers and its combined application not only would achieve better fertilizing effect, also would better improve the quality of vegetables in organic agricultural production.

Abstract: Selected reducing agents were applied to cotton knitting dyeing with C.I. sulfur black 1, and followed by acid cellulase treatment. The K/S value, fuzz removal rate, sulphurs content of fabric and COD value of the residues was measured to evaluate the cellulase performance. The results show that minimum sulphur content detected when glucose was used as reducing agent, which exhibited maximum fuzz removal, whereas maximum sulphur content detected when sodium sulfide was used as reducing agent, which gave minimum fuzz removal. It is concludes that ecological sulfur black dyeing with sulphur-free reducing agent could decline the suphur content in the fabric and promote cellulase performance.

Abstract: An innovative ecological floating bed was designed and used for intensive aquaculture pond to improve water quality, which integrated porous ceramsite, soil substrate and plants. Put the floating bed into intensive aquaculture ponds, and investigate the nutrients and phytoplankton community structure in the ponds for a whole culture cycle. The results showed that TP and COD_Mn were significantly lowered in those ponds with innovative ecological floating bed, and their reduction rate is separately 39.52% and 22.86%; Cyanophyta and Microcystis densities were significantly reduced by 39.52% and 22.86% in July. The study also indicated that the innovative ecological floating bed is high efficiency for intensive aquaculture pond in control of the nutrient and cyanobacteria bloom.

Abstract: The property of biological degradation is used as the primary evaluation index in this article. By designing the radio of the monomer, the experiment tests the COD_Cr/BOD₅ value of seven kinds of sizes, which are of different monomer ratios. The calibration experiment is the COD value of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) standard solution and the BOD value of Glucose and sodium glutamate salt standard solution. By using the optimum ratio of monomer, we synthesized the new acrylic sizing agent, which has a good biodegradation performance and can be biochemical.

Abstract: In this paper, propylene oxide has been first used to modify octylpolyglycol phenylene phosphite (OPGPP). A novel thermoregulated ligand OPGPP-Rh was synthesized for enlarging the application range of thermoregulated phase separable catalysis (TPSC) proposed by us. The ligands being studied have distinct critical solution temperature (CST) in some organic solvents. The CST of OPGPP (EO+PO=26+6) is 70°C in heptane. The authors further investigated the catalytic activity, separation and recycling efficiency of rhodium complex for hydroformylation of 1-octene in the catalytic system with CST. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: T=100 °C, p=6.0MPa, CO:H₂=1:1, reaction time of 5 hours, n (substrate to Rh)=1000, the solvent of heptane. Under the above conditions, the conversion of 1-octene and yield reached 90% and 88%, respectively. The catalyst could be recycled for five times without obvious loss in catalytic activity.

Abstract: 2-Benzimidazolone and their derivatives which have a wide range of biological and pharmaceutical activity are important intermediates for organic synthesis. Reported synthetic methods mostly involved unfriendly materials like phosgene, dimethyl carbonate and urea. This paper developed a novel method for the synthesis of 2-benzimidazolone by the reaction of o-phenylendiamine with triphosgene (BTC) instead of phosgene. BTC is a safer solid and easier to handle compared to phosgene. BTC can greatly reduce risks to both human health and the environment.

Abstract: In this study, compact well-settling aerobic granules were developed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for the biological removal of Congo red (CR) using activated sludge as inoculum. The granules had a clearly defined shape and appearance, and were capable of removing over 90% of CR and COD. The result in this research demonstrates that it is possible to use aerobic granules for CR biodegradation and broadens the benefits of using the SBR to target treatment of toxic and recalcitrant organic compounds.

Abstract: A sequencing fed biofilm batch reactor (SFBFBR) seeded with returning activated sludge of a WWTP was started up to enrich Anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) bacteria and to investigate the nitrogen removal characterization of the Anammox biofilm system. Initially, the operation period was controlled at 3 days and the mineral medium (30 mg/l ammonium, 30 mg/l nitrite, about 2 L) was supplied continuously to SFBFBR in the first 68 hours. After 44 days’ cultivation, ammonium and nitrite concentration were decreased simultaneously without COD and DO, which means the anammox activity presented in the reactor. From t=55 days, in order to further enrich anammox bacteria, the substrate load began to increase by reducing the operation period from 3 days to 1 day and increasing the ammonium and nitrite concentrations. At the end of the experiment, the reactor was able to treat nitrogen loading rates up to 200±10 mg N/(L.d). The ammonium and nitrite reacted in the stoichiometrical of 1:1.135.

Abstract: In this study, the surface chemistry of TiO2 and related photochemical reaction process was reported by taking Orange II, an azo dye, as an example. The results revealed that major oxidative species is HO instead of hole, though hole is also an oxidative species in some other conditions. Besides that, this article also analysed the reaction process, which involves adsorption-reaction-desorption, three typical steps. For reactions falling in the category of these three steps, Langmuir-Hinshelwood model fit best, because it deals with the adsorption and chemical reaction, a dual process..