Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: The research provided the reliable quality control methods for Hedyotis diffusa Willd, including identification (thin-layer identification), inspection (moisture, ash and extraction) and content determination. In thin-layer identification, samples showed same color spot as standard Hedyotis diffusa in same location; The moisture, ash, acid-insoluble ash and extraction of herb were respectively 5.9%~8.2%, 7.4%~13.4%, 1.2%~6.4% and 5.6%~11.7%. So we suggested that the moisture should lower than 13.0%, the ash should lower than 15.0% and the acid-insoluble ash should lower than 9.0% and the extraction should more than 5.0%. The content determination of p-coumaric acid ranges from 0.08 to 0.17 (%, g/g) and the suggested p-coumaric acid on the dried should not less than 0.06%. The suggestion could provide the reference to establish the quality standard of Hedyotis diffusa Willd.

Abstract: The conservation and use of plant genetic diversity are essential to the continued maintenance and improvement of agricultural and forestry production and thus, to sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The dramatic advances in molecular genetics over the last decade years have provided workers involved in the conservation of plant genetic diversity with a range of new techniques. Molecular tools, such as molecular markers and other genomic applications, have been highly successful in characterizing existing genetic variation within species, which generates new genetic diversity that often extends beyond species boundaries. The objectives of this article are to review the molecular basis on plant genetic diversity conservation and summarize the continuously rising and application of molecular tool. Then, we look forward and consider the significant of application of molecular tools in plant genetic diversity conservation.

Abstract: To protect geographical indication products,ZheRong radix pseudostellariae was collected at the 31 village of ZheRong County eight villages and towns in fujian province. A HPLC chromatographic fingerprint of the ethyl acetate extracts was developed.A suitable chromatographic system was established using a gradient elution with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase and a detection wavelength of 203nm. Establishment of HPLC fingerprints and common pattern of 31 samples. The similarities of non- ZheRong Radix pseudostellariae were all less than 0.2, but the similarities of Radix pseudostellariae from commercially available were all more than 0.9.Then this method could efficiently distinguish non-ZheRong Radix pseudostellariae from ZheRong Radix pseudostellariae.

Abstract: In order to identify the Banqiao codonopsis pilosulc, a geographical indication products,diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of came from four different origins were collected by the Fourier near-infrared spectrometer. The spectroscopy was analyzed with Chemometrics method,and the spectroscopy was pretreated by the second derivative and vector normalized, first derivation and minus a straight line condition. The range of spectra was 7637.3-4165.8 cm-1. The Calibration models of Codonopsis pilosulc were established by the qualification testing, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis respectively, and each model was verified. The results show that the optimal model established by the qualification testing, principal component analysis and cluster analysis can effectively identify authentic Banqiao codonopsis pilosulc , and accuracy rate was 100%. In conclusion, Banqiao codonopsis pilosulc can be identified accurately and quickly by the near-infrared spectroscopy technique.

Abstract: Basing on the HPLC fingerprints combined with chemo metric methods identified the Zherong Radix Pseudostellariae. Fingerprint of Radix Pseudostellariae by using HPLC was established in Fujian Zherong County, Guizhou Huangping County, Guizhou Kaili City 3 areas, combined with the fingerprint similarity evaluation software system analysis, results show that : The fingerprint similarity of Radix Pseudostellariae from different habitats were 0.887, 0.400, 0.464. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis identified Radix Pseudostellariae from different habitats by using SPSS software, the recognition of Zherong Radix Pseudostellariae accuracy rate reached 100%, the overall accuracy rate was 97.5%. Therefore, I think that HPLC fingerprinting combined with chemo metric method can accurately identify the zherong Radix Pseudostellariae and provide reliable technical support for the protection of geographical indication products.

Abstract: An ultrasound-assisted procedure for the extraction of pectin from heads of Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) was established. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction temperature (X₁: 30–50°C), extraction time (X₂: 20–40 min) and pH (X₃: 2.5–3.5) to obtain a high yield of pectin with high degree of esterification (DE) from sunflower heads. Analysis of variance showed that the contribution of a quadratic model was significant for the pectin extraction yield and DE. An optimization study using response surface methodology was performed and 3D response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical model. According to the RSM model, the highest pectin yield (23.11 ± 0.08%) and DE (39.85 ± 0.14%) can be achieved when the UAE process is carried out at 50°C for 40min using a hydrochloric acid solution of pH 3.0. These results suggest that ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of functional pectin from sunflower heads at industrial level.

Abstract: Plants are fundamental to life, being the basis of our food production and an essential part of the global ecosystem on which life on earth depends. Plant genetic resources include primitive forms of cultivated plant species and landraces, modern cultivars, breeding lines and genetic stocks, weedy types and related wild species, which provide the building blocks that, allow classical plant breeders and biotechnologists to develop new commercial varieties and other biological products. Detection and analysis of genetic variation can help us to understand the molecular basis of various biological phenomena in plants. Molecular markers for the detection and exploitation of DNA polymorphism is one of the most significant developments in the field of molecular genetics. The presence of various types of molecular markers, and differences in their principles, methodologies, and applications require careful consideration in choosing one or more of such methods. This article describes the advances of molecular marker in present, introduces the molecular basis in development of plant genetic resources and perspectives the important role of molecular marker in development of plant genetic resources in the future.

Abstract: Vegetation fraction was a most important index to score the vegetation coverage on the land surface. Improved dimidiate pixel model was applied to calculate and analyze the vegetation fraction change from September 2000 to September 2013 in Beijing, China. The results showed that vegetation coverage of Beijing in 2013 year was much better than 2000 year. The area of low and middle-low coverage of Beijing in 2013 decreased 379 km² and 591 km² respectively, and the area of high and middle coverage increased 885 km² and 85 km² respectively. The research provided a necessary reference for the related researches of vegetation fraction.

Abstract: Vegetation index time series data modeling is widely used in many research areas, such as analysis of environmental change, estimation of crop yield, and the precision of the traditional vegetation index time series data fitting model is lower. This paper conducts the modeling with introducing the autoregressive moving average time series model, and using NOAA/AVHRR normalized differential vegetation index time series data, to estimate the errors of original data which are between under the situation that the parameters to be estimated are lesser, and on the basis gives the fitted equation to the six kinds of main land covers’ vegetation index time series data of Northeast China region.

Abstract: The influence of different concentrations of calcium nitrate on the growth and activity of acidophilic microorganisms were studied and the microbial community structures were compared by 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. The addition of Ca (NO₃)₂ has a certain effect on the solution potential, and that the time needed to reach the steady potential were prolonged with the increase of Ca (NO₃)₂ concentration but not obvious when it was above 1.64 g.L^-1. It also can be observed that the cell numbers decreased with the increase of Ca (NO₃)₂ concentration which can alter the cell osmolarity, and that the time entering the stationary phase of cell concentration was delayed with the addtion of Ca (NO₃)₂. With the addition of 0.41g.L^-1 Ca (NO₃)₂, the percentage of Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidiphilium cryptum didn’t have great changes, while the uncultured Sulfobacillus sp., Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Alicyclobacillus tolerans were also detected. With the addition of 2.05 g.L^-1 Ca (NO₃)₂ or more, the Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans become the dominant bacterium (which accounted for more than 90%).