Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: The present study aims to evaluate the adverse effects of contaminated urban river water on fish. Hepatic antioxidant parameters, including the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, as well as glutathione content, were significantly inhibited in zebrafish upon 14-d exposure to urban river water sampled from Shanghai, China, which was determined to be potentially contaminated by environmental estrogens (EEs) using the yeast estrogen screen bioassay. However, using estradiol as an estrogen standard for exposure, our results did not show a direct correlation between EE contamination and impairment of the antioxidant defense system of fish.

Abstract: Under the condition of natural rain and through the method of field runoff plots, a field experiment with 6 kinds of water and fertilizer managements in 5 years was carried out to study the effects of water and fertilizer managements on the concentration and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus by runoff from paddy field. Results showed that: Water quality of runoff under “none fertilization and routine irrigation”(CK) was the best, and which under “optimization fertilization and optimization irrigation”(OF+OI) took the second place. And the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus under CK was the least, and which under OF+OI was less. Thus, we can conclude that it is an economical and effective measure to control nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution from paddy field by using the treatment of OF+OI.

Abstract: The landscape water body is studied in this paper. Through the monitoring of pollution sources of receiving conventional index and risk index, the distribution of pollution sources and river pollution factor is detailed analyzed, as nutrient salts, heavy metals, and environmental endocrine disruptors. And source of the pollution factor is studied by principal component analysis to get the main pollution factors in this channel.

Abstract: The transport of pathogenic bacteria from wastewater treatment facilities in subsurface has attracted extensive concerns over recent decades, while the impact of effluent water chemistry remains unclear. The influence of retention time in effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant on bacterial surface properties and deposition of Escherichia coli strains in saturated quartz sand packed-bed columns was investigated in this paper. Retentions in effluent significantly altered bacterial surface properties, such as zeta potential, surface charge and hydrophobicity, subsequently changed their deposition rate coefficients and attachment efficiencies in quartz sand packed-bed columns. Under low ionic strength conditions, bacterial deposition onto quartz sand grains was in agreement with the predictions of DLVO theory, in which the secondary energy minimum was demonstrated to be predominant.

Abstract: The status of oxidative stress of marine Chlorella vulgaris was investigated via measuring the content of H₂O₂, MDA, SOD and CAT in cells after 72h NiO nanoparticles (nNiO) exposure. Morphological changes of algal cells were also determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that nNiO induced the ROS generation and stimulated the antioxidant defense system of algae. Significant increases (p < 0.01) in MDA level and SOD activity were found after 72h 10 mg L^-1 nNiO treatment. H₂O₂ content and CAT activity also increased under higher concentration treatments although non-significant. The disruption of plasma membrane and the disordered thylakoid lamella of algal cells were found under nNiO exposure, which indicated cell morphological changes. Our results implied that oxidative damage was one of toxic causes of nanoparticles on algae. It also indicates the potential impacts on aquatic biota by nanomaterials.

Abstract: In recent years, China’s food quality safety events occurred frequently, seriously affecting people’s life. This paper does an empirical study on the influencing factors of food quality safety by application of DEMATEL method. We find out the casual factors and resultant factors of food quality safety; confirm the main influencing factors, and clear the interpretive structure relationship of the influencing factors. The results of this study suggest that morality, laws, and technology are the main three factors which influence food quality safety; relevant government departments play a crucial role in food quality safety; customers have a limited affect on the food quality safety. We propose the countermeasures to perfect China’s food quality safety management from three aspects

Abstract: Organic ingredients contained in foam extinguishing agent without environmental treatment may cause serious environmental pollution, so effective evaluation and management of such components are very necessary. In this paper principle and characteristics of OECD ready biodegradation test methods are compared, the feasibility of OECD method applied to environmental performance evolution of foam extinguishing agent is researched, and Matters needing attention in test method selection and influence factors in the test process are discussed considering the component characteristics of samples.

Abstract: The goal of this paper was to investigate the cognition on primary harms of air pollution to respiratory health and the demand for it in pupils. Based on the atmospheric monitoring results over the years and with the random sampling method, the urban area of Jilin City was randomly divided three contaminated areas and one of primary schools in each contaminated areas was selected respectively. A total of 670 pupils were taken as the research subjects, 326 males and 319 females. The results showed that pupils’ knowledge on air pollution was insufficient, pupils’ cognitive abilities of in air pollution harms to respiratory health should be improved, their demand for the cognition on the air pollution-related knowledge was urgent. Therefore, schools should make full use of the campus educational resource, give play to teachers and school doctors, and utilize all effective means to strengthen the education in air pollution-related knowledge. Parents should establish correct health awareness and train their children to improve their environmental awareness through their own actions from childhood.

Abstract: This paper explains how to solve the problem that the foam dedusting agent is not able to dedust efficiently according to its low foaming rate and poor wettability and finally obtains an optimal formula of foam dedusting agent. We first studied the mechanism of foam dedusting and learned that the process of foam-dedusting is comprised of interception, adhesion, wetting, and sedimentation. Then the optimal formula named Foam Dedusting Agent CNSD-1 were obtained, which is comprised of Sodium Dodecyl sulfate being foaming agent, Soluble starch being foam stabilizer, Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate being wetting agent, by an advanced ROSS-Miles experiment and contact angle measurement. The mass concentration of the three kind of powders respectively are 0.5%, 0.06% and 0.3%. Through the field application the conclusion can be draw that the total coal dust dedusting percentage of it is 96.35% and the respiratory coal dust dedusting percentage of it is 86.08%, the Effect is remarkable.

Abstract: We select a large coal waste rock dumps in Guangxi Heshan , study the characteristics of the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in its surrounding soil and carry on a soil quality evaluation. Soil samples were collected in different distance and different depth from the dumps. After drying and filtrating the samples, we use the gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - MS) technology for quantitative analysis of 16 kinds of priority pollutions of PAHs. The results show that in the plane, from the near to the distant, the content of PAHs in soil is from much to little. In vertical, from shallow to deep, the content of PAHs degressive changes. And the trend of change is from fast to slow in vertical and level. The plane distribution of PAHs in soil is mainly controlled by wind direction and slope, vertical distribution is controlled by its solubility in water and soil properties.Many kinds of PAHs in soils out of limit, which is poor soil.The 6 kinds of heavy ring PAHs which is carcinogenic is distributed in 5~15 cm of the topsoil.