Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: Northwestern China has an extremely complex climate due to the varied terrain and complexities of climate change where the environment is sensitive to both regional and global climate change. We applied the Mann-Kendal test to investigate trends in temperature change using annual, seasonal and monthly data recorded from 1960 to 2008. On the whole, annual, seasonal and monthly the temperature shows a widespread warming over this period. The variation in the precipitation pattern is more complex than that of the temperature. In the western region such as northern Xinjiang and western Qinghai, the precipitation has increased over the period, showing consistency with the change in temperature. Whereas in the eastern region such as eastern Gansu and southern Shanxi, the precipitation has remarkably decreased, which is opposite to the change observed in temperature.

Abstract: Eutrophication has led to severe water quality problems in aquatic ecosystems throughout the world. The assessment of trophic status for lakes may provide important and fundamental information for trophic state classification and eutrophication control. This paper assesses and analyzes the classification of eutrophication using three different methods in Wuliangsuhai Lake. The aim is to provide the reference for water quality improvement and aquatic environmental protection of the lake in arid area.

Abstract: Sequential extraction was used to characteristic the heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb) and trace element (As) studied in these urban dusts. The ratio of the average total content (F1+F2+F3+F4+R) to the corresponding background value of Beijing soil decreased in the order of Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr>As. For fraction distribution, residual form predominated among for Zn, Ni, Cr and Pb. Oxidizable fraction was the leading fraction for Cd and Cu and was the second dominated fraction for Zn and Ni. The results of Risk assessment code (RAC) showed the medium environmental risk of Cd was found in Dongcheng and East 4thRing districts, while a high environmental risk for Cr was present in Xizhimen and Yongdingmen areas.

Abstract: This paper is mainly based on a city in surface soil heavy metal pollution on the measured GPS data,Application of the Nemeroww method to study the city all functional areas of the 8 kinds of heavy metals pollution degree.

Abstract: A data collection repeater based on ARM Cortex-M3 core for environmental monitoring is introduced in this paper. The chip STM32 is used as CPU processor, CC2530 module as a sink node of Wireless Sensor Networks, the collected data is sent to monitoring center by GPRS network. Integration of WSN, ARM and GPRS, the collection of environmental parameters and capability of wireless transmission are achieved in low-power conditions. Hardware structure and application program of the repeater are given.

Abstract: In order to reveal characteristics of soil organic nitrogen components under long-term different fertilization methods on paddy field, selected 7 typical paddy field of Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Yanbian of Jilin Province, collected soil samples of 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm, analyzed total nitrogen content of soil and each component of organic nitrogen. Results showed that effects of different fertilization methods on content of soil total acid hydrolysable N (TAHN), amino acid N (AAN), ammonia sugar N (ASN), acid-hydrolysable unknown N (AUN) in 0 to 10 cm soil had significant influence or more, and non hydrolysable N (NHN), AAN and ASN accounted for proportion of total N (TN) had significant influence. Effects soil organic nitrogen components in 10 to 20 cm soil had not significant influence. Applying organic fertilizer was beneficial to improve soil total organic nitrogen, mainly by improving content of AAN and ASN; Long-term application inorganic fertilizer led to NHN accumulation, but applying organic fertilizer was beneficial to NHN transformation, increase content of AAN; TAHN, NHN, AN, AAN, ASN content in 0 to 10 cm soil were slightly higher than that in 10 to 20 cm soil, and content of HUN had no obvious regularity between two soil layers.

Abstract: A novel electrode has been fabricated with electroabsorbing hemoglobin on the nanosilver coated carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode (Hb/Ag/CNT/GC). The modifed electrodes showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity for reduction of dissolved oxygen. The peak current is linear with oxygen concentration in the range from 1.63×10^-6 to 2.58×10^-4 mol.L^-1 with a calculated detection limit of 9.78×10^-7 mol.L^-1 at a signal-to-noise rate of 3, the linear regression equation is i=0.0478C+0.0331 (R²=0.994; i: μA; C: the concentration of oxygen, μmol.L^-1). So, the developed electrode was used to determination of oxygen in the water and actual samples and satisfactory results were obtained. The Hb/Ag/CNTs composites may be a potential cathode material of the air battery.

Abstract: This paper studied the changes of wave height and wave driven current in Zhangjiabu sea, which was caused by the installation of wave farm, with Delft3D model. First, the changes of wave height in Zhangjiabu were computed in condition of different absorption rate. Then, the wave induced current near Jinghaijiao cape was calculated, where the change of wave height is largest. Last, 12 points in depth of 3m are used to study the changes of wave induced current velocity. The result show that the wave height and wave driven current will decrease after the wave farm installed.

Abstract: Nine households of high, medium and low income level were selected as representative household of the Taihu Lake basin, China to study the measuring method of pollutant producing coefficient (PPC) and pollutant discharge coefficient (PDC) of rural domestic sewage and organic waste. Results showed that the income level had no significant influences on TN-/TP-PPC of rural domestic sewage but substantially affected the production and TN-/TP-PDC of domestic sewage, as well as the production and TN-/TP-PPC/PDC of organic waste, which corresponded with income such that high-income farmer households produced the most and the middle income produced lesser and the low income households produced the least amount. The utilization and treatment efficiency of toilet wastewater and the comprehensive utilization rate of organic wastes, particularly the rate of livestock were the primary influencing factors of domestic sewage and waste PDC. These factors were substantially affected by agricultural income level and septic tank type.

Abstract: The 25 years of rainfall data in Wuliangsuhai eastern river basin from 1986 to 2010 are summarized and analyzed based on two statistical methods. The two statistical methods named moving average method and Cumulative Departure Curve are applied to make a conclusion that the rainfall in 25 years has a downward trend and the rate of change become high in new century.