Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: Based on meteorological field output by MM5 mesoscale meteorological model and concentration field output by CALPUFF air quality model, “flux method” was applied to study effects of long-range transport of air pollutants on the atmospheric environment, in which micro-element method was used to solve the process of air pollutants transport in long-range of three-dimensional space. This method was first applied in studying a construction project’s impact on air quality in Guanzhong region of Shanxi Province. The results shows that the deviation of flux method is less which the value is 16 percent, and among all year around, the pollutants transport the more flux to the ENE and WSW directions of the project compared to other directions. Additional, the flux of fall and winter is more than it of spring and summer, and the project has a more severe influence of atmospheric environment in Xi’an city than it of Weinan city.

Abstract: The wetland distribution in the modern Yellow River Delta is extracted by using a combination method of supervised classification based on the Landsat TM images in 1991, 2001 and 2011. The changes of wetland were analyzed from landscape index in the paper. The result shows that the area of natural wetland degrades, while the area of artificial wetland increases from 1991 to 2011. The transfer trajectory of spatial centroids of the wetland shows that it shifts towards southeast. Man-made driving forces are the main factors that cause natural wetlands degrades.

Abstract: The host-guest inclusion complex formation between 3, 3’-benzidine/β-cyclodextrin derivative (BDCD) and pesticide carbendazim was studied and characterized by TEM and XRD. The result showed that inclusion complex had hydrophobic small-molecule fluorophores. The fluorescence titration was performed to calculate binding constant, sensitivity factor and limit of detection of the resulting complex. Based on the enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of carbendazim produced throught complex formation, a new sensitive method for the determination of carbendazim was established. A linear relationship was obtained between the fluorescence intensity and carbendazim concentration in the range of 3.57 and 17.83 μmol/L. The correlation coefficient, the lowest limit of detection and RSD were 0.9916, 15.51 nmol/L and 2.13%, respectively. This method has better anti-interference ability and stability. The proposed method have been successfully applied to the determination of carbendazim pesticide residues in water, vegetable and fruit samples with satisfactory results, recoveries in the range of 87.56 % to 104.04 % were obtained.

Abstract: Chinese loess-paleosol sequence has archived the most detailed terrestrial records of past climatic and environmental changes. In this study, we concentrate on Zhuli loess section in northern Shandong, by sedimentary and magnetic and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods. Based on the OSL ages, the basal age of the Zhuli section is 60ka extrapolated by sedimentation rates. Grain-size curves indicate that environment-sensitive size fractions of Zhuli section are 39.81-44.67μm and 79.43-89.12μm respectively, by analyzing grain-size class vs. standard deviation values method. The low-frequency magnetic susceptibility has a good correlation with the high-frequency magnetic susceptibility, and the grain size has a good correlation with the magnetic susceptibility.

Abstract: China has seen large area of fog and haze weather which often lasted for a long time in different places of its central and eastern part during the year 2013. What’s more, North China, Central China, Huang-Huai area and the south part of the Yangtze River all suffered pollution to some degree. As a result, fog and haze and the serious pollution of PM2.5 became the hot topics both on the micro blog and among neighbors. Therefore, it has been a common recognition that we should strengthen the management of air pollution and reflect the economic development mode and our lifestyle. A brief analysis of the impact of fog and haze on the environment together with some control recommendations is done in this paper.

Abstract: Temporal distribution phytoplankton community structure in a shallow lake, Lake Taihu, China, was investigated from 2010 to 2011 on a monthly basis at 9 sampling stations. The results showed that phytoplankton communities primarily consist of cyanobacteria, chlorophyta and bacillariophyta in Lake Taihu. A significant change in phytoplankton community was observed in both years: cyanobacteria hold an overwhelming dominance in summer and autumn, chloraphyta and bacillariophyta occupied the certain proportion only when the cyanobacterial bloom was declined in winter and early spring. The maximum abundance value of cyanobacteria, chlorophyta and bacillariophyta appeared at June, 2010, July, 2011 and Feb, 2011, respectively. The present study is a continuation and complement in long-term research of Lake Taihu, which provides scientific foundation for further research of the lake.

Abstract: According to the survey data of water quality from 2010 of fifteen monitoring sites which in the area of artificial reefs, one mass index of water quality evaluation method, comprehensive quality index method of Water quality and eutrophication level index method were used to analyze the water quality status in Haizhou Bay. The results shows that, each site BOD₅, COD, DIN accord with standard of sea water quality class 1. DIP mostly belong to 2 class standard; In addition to four monitoring sites’ water integrated quality in the slight pollution status for grade 3, the rest of the eleven regions of the sea water is relatively clean for grade 2; This sea water’s N/P maintain the balance basically, In addition to a site appears eutrophication phenomenon, most are in low and medium nutrient level.

Abstract: This paper researched the linear relationship between UV absorbance and concentrations of nitrobenzene. It used the UV-1700 UV/VIS spectroscopy to get the absorbance diagram and analyze it. Then it calculated the absorbance of maximum absorption peak and the absorbance integration in a wavelength interval. There is a linear relationship between absorbance and concentration, the correlation coefficient is 0.981 of the maximum absorption peaks and the concentrations, and the largest correlation coefficient between concentrations and the integration of absorbance is 0.995 with the wavelength interval of 235-245 nm, which is between the two absorption peaks of 210 nm and 270 nm. Therefore, it’s a good way to use integration of absorbance in the middle of two absorption peaks to measure the concentration of nitrobenzene, which is more accurate and reliable.

Abstract: Tunnel source is an important emission source in urban microenvironment, and the influence of emission pollutants from tunnel source to air quality in surrounding area could not be ignored. In this study the monitoring data in the entrance and the exit of the tunnel was used to calculate the emission amount from tunnel source. Then the methodology to establish the tunnel source emission inventory with a high temporal resolution was discussed in this paper. This research would provide basis for the establishment of the emission inventory in urban microenvironment, and provide a more realistic emissions inventory to Air Quality Model.

Abstract: Arsenic (As) is well known as a toxic element for human beings. The toxicity, mobility,and bioavailability of As compounds is highly dependent on its chemical forms and oxidation states. Speciation analysis of trace elements is an important issue in biomedical and environmental sciences. For the past few years many studies have been performed to determine As speciation in tap water, food chain and other environmental samples. This review provides the chemical speciation of As in water analysis in recent ten years, including the separation and preconcentration techniques, chromatographic techniques, detection techniques of inorganic As and organic As species (included As-containing chemical warfare agents). The advantages of various methods, insufficient, selectivity, sensitivity, limit of detection (DL) were reviewed.