Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: The online monitoring system for pollution sources has been built for several years. China has initially established a set of environmental protection internet of things system which is under three levels of Ministry, provincial and municipal. This national project is the first step to develop in the applications of environmental protection internet of things. It also has many problems, such as monitoring range is narrow, sensor technology is not mature and cost is high. The next work is to strengthen the application and realize the convert from a point source pollution monitoring to surface monitoring. RFID is one of the key technologies of Internet of things. The paper proposed monitoring and supervisor system for key pollution sources based on RFID, to solve the problems in the monitoring and supervisor system for key pollution sources. It will realize information of monitoring and supervisor system for key pollution sources.

Abstract: Aimed at detecting the particulate size distributions in the typical air pollution city of Shijiazhuang, China, this research collected samples in haze episode and non-haze episode separately and found the difference between the two situations. In non-haze episode, the average size distribution is a U-shape curve both lifting at the size minimum and maximum, with slightly higher frequency in the size below 0.65μm (grade 1 and grade 2); but in haze episode, the frequency of 0.43~0.65μm (grade 2) and 0.65~1.1μm (grade 3) increase evidently. By the correlation coefficient calculation, the mass concentration of PM_0.43~0.65 has strong negative relationship with visibility range, which should be responsible for the low visibility formation. The fitting function demonstrates that the mass concentration of PM_0.43~0.65 must be limited below 0.117 mg/m³ if the visibility range reaches 10km (“medium”), and below 0.006 mg/m³ over 19km (“good”). And there is a inflection point around 0.01 mg/m³ of PM_0.43~0.65 as for the visiblity variation, in which the visiblity range decreases rapidly with slight increase of PM_0.43~0.65 when below 0.001 mg/m³. PM_0.43~0.65 is conclusively regarded as the feature size of particulate responsible for the haze formation in Shijiazhuang, China.

Abstract: The spring is a high incidence of dust-haze season especially in some mega-cities like Beijing. A complete dust-haze has happened from 19th to 24th April, 2013. Based on 3456 copies of PM2.5 concentration data in Beijing’s 24 monitoring points during the whole dust-haze period, and the weather information over the same period, and the correlation analysis on the dust-haze’s formation, continuous and dissipation process, we point out that PM2.5 concentration distribution has the following features in a spring dust-haze weather in Beijing: (1) dust-haze can be happened in strong wind; (2) PM2.5 concentration has a highest or lowest value during the dust-haze process at some monitoring sites (3) the monitoring sites’ PM2.5 concentration difference is bigger, the biggest can reach more than eight times.

Abstract: Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was applied to predict the gas chromatographic (GC) relative retention times (RRTs) for 126 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners on 7 stationary phases. A total of 151 topological and connectivity indices descriptors were derived from E-dragon software. Genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to select optimal subsets from large-size molecular descriptors. Overall support vector regression predicting training sets correlation coefficients R² are greater than 0.996, except for the CP-Sil19 column, in which Q²loo (correlation coefficient of leave-one-out cross validation) and test sets correlation coefficients R² are larger than 0.992. The excellent statistical parameters reveal that the models are robust and have high internal and external predictive capability.

Abstract: Aiming at enhancing real-time controlling and continuity of city environmental monitoring and early warning, solutions based on sensor network are proposed. Making ARM as the main processor, bedded intelligent measuring and controlling unit is employed for programming under Linux environment. With PC as the control center, programming in ASP.NET enables complicated processes as data screening, analysis and early warning being achieved. Taking advantage of the GPRS technology, the wireless sensor network is constructed, which facilitates the connection between control unit and center, leading to the establishment of command control and data transmission. Further practical application also demonstrated that such solution is stable, efficient and economical.

Abstract: Through analyzing various monitoring methods and data of atmosphere mercury pollution at home and abroad, the results showed that atmosphere mercury monitoring networks of southern hemisphere were not enough perfect, atmosphere mercury monitoring data lacked representativeness, and it is more difficult to research atmosphere mercury long-term changes trend within global range. Meanwhile, it also found that There were shortcomings for atmosphere mercury pollution monitoring status in China and indicated development direction and future trend of atmosphere mercury pollution monitoring analysis.

Abstract: The aim of the method development in this paper was to tackle the problems with the erythro-2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (MMPB) methodology: the rather laborious workflow and the loss of material during different steps of the method. In the optimised workflow, The detection limit of MMPB was 0.01 μg/L. Supposing the average of molecular weights of microcystins variants are 1000, the value of the detection limit is equivalent to 0.05 μg/L of microcystins. These results indicated that this method is the most sensitive method for determination of total microcystins, and it could be applied to the monitoring of microcystins in drinking water, reservoirs and freshwater lakes.

Abstract: facing the problem of VOCs pollution, VOCs concentrations in urban Tianjin have been measured to identify their possible sources. Using positive matrix factorization, seven VOC sources are identified in urban Tianjin according to the factor loadings of various VOCs, including: 1) motor vehicle exhaust; 2) gasoline evaporation; 3) internal engine combustion emission; 4) diesel emission; 5) solvent usage; 6) industrial emission; and 7) biogenic emission. The identified sources of VOCs are significantly related to vehicular activities, which specifically contribute 60% to VOCs loadings in urban Tianjin, respectively. Controlling vehicle emissions should be top priority for VOCs reduction in Tianjin.

Abstract: The start-up operation and hydraulic retention time (HRT) selectivity of anaerobic degradation for palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater was carried out in an anaerobic bioreactor. HRT between 35 and 5 days were investigated. The start-up process for the anaerobic degradation of POME wastewater was found to be completed after 40 days of operation. This study also recommended that the anaerobic degradation of POME wastewater should be operated at the HRT between 35 and 10 days without acid risk. The performance of anaerobic bioreactor could reach 90.55% - 87.55% chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, 0.06 - 0.40 ratio between volatile fatty acid (VFA) and alkalinity (Alk), -368.2 mV to-445.80 mV of oxygen reduction potential (ORP) and 9.08 - 37.2 liters of biogas production, respectively.

Abstract: Based on the status of primary PM_2.5 emissions from cement kilns, steel sintering machines and primary PM_2.5 control technology, the factors influencing primary PM_2.5 emissions, emission standards, industrial policy and technology developing trends were analyzed. Above all, primary PM_2.5 control technology roadmap ​​for China's cement kilns and steel sintering machines was made. Based on the control scheme, the primary PM_2.5 emissions from cement kilns and steel sintering machines are estimated to be 449,100 tons in 2020, 291,300 tons less than in 2011. The reduction rate is 39%. Finally, recommendations were proposed to control primary PM_2.5 emissions from cement kilns and steel sintering machines.