Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: To improve the utilization rate of visible light in the degradation of the dye wastewater, the supported mesoporous TiO₂ catalyst with perlite as the carrier was prepared. The effect of the calcination time and the loading time on the degradation of the methylene blue by the catalyst was analyzed. The result showed that: as the calcination time exceeded 1.5h, the catalyst activity decreased with the calcination time increasing; under the condition of the optimal calcination time of 1.5h, the degradation rate of methylene blue by visible light reached 71.59%; the multi-loading was in favor of increasing the catalyst activity, of which 3-time loading was the optimal.

Abstract: Ten sets of experiments were designed to process non-burnt bricks by adding different proportion of cement as binder and 10% of carbide slag as activator into heavy metal polluted soil. The results showed that: compressive strength at 3d, 7d and 28d of non-burnt bricks compound by T2 were the highest with 10.552MPa, 19.291 MPa and 20.135 MPa respectively, achieving the high quality standard brick. Besides, leaching concentration of heavy metals were lower than that of GB3838-2002 "environmental quality standard for surface water" in V water requirements; heavy metals Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd mostly exist in the organic and residual fraction with 97.88%90.31%97.44% and 98.92% of the total fraction, respectively.

Abstract: One of the useful applications of chicken manure fermentation broth was foliar fertilization production. However, the effluent generated during foliar fertilization production processing was high in ammonia concentration, which was hard to be disposed by activated sludge method. Selecting microalgae to treat this kind of wastewater can realize pollutants purification, nutrients recovery and bio-energy production. A strain of Chlorella sp. was used. Results showed that the effluent can be used for microalgae cultivation. The optimal ammonia in the third (TS) and second step (SS) effluent for Chlorella sp. growth was around 500 mg/L and the net growth rate was 49.2 and 51.0 mg/L, respectively. The optimal addition amount of inorganic carbon was 228.6 mg/L for TS to cultivate Chlorella sp. By adding carbon resource every other day with trace elements, biomass reached to the highest value of 915.6 mg/L at 9 day. Without any addition of nutrient, the mixture of TS and SS can realize biomass accumulation of 497.0 mg/L. The highest removal of NH₄⁺-N could reach 40%.

Abstract: By analyzing the feasibility of comprehensive utilization method of yellow phosphorus tail gas after desulfurized, the author of this article found only the method of heat energy utilization is technically more mature, practical and feasible. Taking a chemical plant in some Chemical co., LTD in Hubei for example, this article demonstrates that the complete and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorus tail gas could be achieved once various technical measures are planned as a whole and their configuration are optimized. The technical measures include replacing coal-fired boiler, using as polymerization heat source in fine phosphate production, stoving the materials of yellow phosphorus and burning chemical products and so on. Finally, this article put forward principles and requirements of the optimal configuration based on heat energy utilization of yellow phosphorus tail gas in fine phosphorous chemical enterprises.

Abstract: This research makes a tentative study on generation of construction and demolition waste (CDW) in the city of Tianjin. Based on statistic data on construction area, amounts of construction waste, renewal transformation waste and decoration waste are estimated respectively, and summed up to the result of total CDW generation from 1996 to 2012. It shows that total CDW generation in urban area of Tianjin is up to 19.11 million tons in 2012.

Abstract: With the improvement of people's living standards in China, rural solid waste emissions increase sharply. In rural areas where most people live, domestic waste mainly deposited in the open air as one of the most important culprit of rural ecological pollution. Domestic waste is piled up randomly in rural area of China, which enter into river and lake and float on the water, and expand the pollution area. According to data research, The composition of rural domestic waste is mainly kitchen waste, waste plastics, waste paper, broken glass, broken pottery, waste fiber, used batteries and other articles for daily use and other things. There are some differences in component between different areas, while kitchen waste still takes a relatively large proportion. Thus organic matters are one of the most important components of domestic waste, which needs to be considered in devising treatment technology. Landfill, compositing and incineration is three basic methods to treat solid waste. Some featured technology such as biomass gasification, worm composting and anaerobic fermentation is developed to treat rural domestic waste considering its specialties. The treatment of rural solid waste of China is faced with many difficulties like environmental consciousness deficiency. Some technology corresponding to the reality of China needs to be developed and popularized . For the rich organic matters in rural domestic waste and specialties of rural economic situation, technologies need to concentrate on recycling biogas and fertilizers..

Abstract: The emission characteristics of volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs) released from food waste processing plant were detected with cold enrichment-GC/MS. Four main sections of the plant including unloading room, crushing chamber, hydrothermal reactor and aerobic fermentation reactor were selected as sampling points. Results showed that the concentration of VOSCs of the four main sections were 0.085, 0.235, 1.175 and 0.245 mg/m³, respectively. Compared with other stages, the level of VOSCs of hydrothermal reactor was relatively high, and methyl mercaptan (MeSH) was the most abundant compound at this section. In order to remove the pollution of MeSH, modified activated carbon was used as the adsorbent. The influences of modified conditions, such as drying temperature, H₃PO₄ concentration and impregnated time on adsorption were investigated. Results showed that the amounts of acid groups and BET surface area of activated carbon had a significant impact on the adsorption capacity. When the drying temperature was 70°C, the H₃PO₄ concentration was 15% and the impregnated time was 3.0 h, the adsorption capacity of MeSH achieved the maximum value of 22.068 mg/g. This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.

Abstract: Waste mobile phone has become the largest number of electronic waste, and recycling of metals from mobile phone would ensure resource recycling and reduce environmental degradation. Based on the contents of metals analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), containing copper and precious metals such as gold, the paper compared the extraction processes of gold, copper from waste mobile phone printed circuit board (PCB). In this study, two processes, nitric acid and thiourea (NT), sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide and iodine (SAHPI) were used to leach copper and gold, respectively. The recovery rate of copper was found to be 96.42%, and 94.3% of the gold was leached in the former process. Similar trends were obtained for the leaching of copper and gold in the latter process, but it was lower that about 95.27% of copper was recycled, while 93.4% of gold were leached. Both the two processes were nontoxic and non-cyanide system. However, thiourea is not stable and easy to decompose in alkaline solution, and the technology has disadvantage of instability. Iodine leaching on the other hand is comparatively a environmental process. Therefore, the optimal choice is the combined process of SAHPI method, while further research is required to develop cost effective and environmentally friendly processes.

Abstract: Oily wastewater and fly ash will cause great pollution to the environment, the paper reviewed the fly ash as the oil removal medium, through the means of directly adding as adsorbents, preparing fly ash ceramisite, adding to remove oil after modification and combing with other treatment processes, etc., had better treatment effect on a variety of oily wastewater generated from different backgrounds. The results showed that using fly ash to treat the oily wastewater could achieve "using waste to treat waste", and could play a dual effect on the environmental protection. Meanwhile it pointed out deficiencies in the existing processes, and the future research should rely mainly on improving the adsorption capacity, the separation and the final treatment of saturated fly ash, and strengthening the research on reaction mechanism.

Abstract: First of all, hazards of mined-out areas and municipal solid waste are analyzed. Then according to the research status of municipal solid waste processing and mine filling technologies, both of the environmental issues are researched. From the point of view that municipal solid waste and mined-out areas can be regarded as resources to each other, co-processing technology of mining and municipal solid waste is proposed. Research contents and key techniques of this technology are discussed, which contain classification and preprocessing technologies of the filled waste, experiment of filling materials ratio and the techniques of filling municipal solid waste. This technology can not only help to process the municipal solid waste cleanly, but also control the disasters of mined-out areas, so it has an important practical significance.