Hydrothermal Synthesis of Advanced Ceramic Powders

Abstract:

This paper briefly reviews hydrothermal synthesis of ceramic powders and shows how understanding the underlying physico-chemical processes occurring in the aqueous solution can be used for engineering hydrothermal crystallization processes. Our overview covers the current status of hydrothermal technology for inorganic powders with respect to types of materials prepared, ability to control the process, and use in commercial manufacturing. General discussion is supported with specific examples derived from our own research (hydroxyapatite, PZT, 􀄮-Al2O3, ZnO, carbon nanotubes). Hydrothermal crystallization processes afford excellent control of morphology (e.g., spherical, cubic, fibrous, and plate-like) size (from a couple of nanometers to tens of microns), and degree of agglomeration. These characteristics can be controlled in wide ranges using thermodynamic variables, such as reaction temperature, types and concentrations of the reactants, in addition to non-thermodynamic (kinetic) variables, such as stirring speed. Moreover, the chemical composition of the powders can be easily controlled from the perspective of stoichiometry and formation of solid solutions. Finally, hydrothermal technology affords the ability to achieve cost effective scale-up and commercial production.

• Periodical: Advances in Science and Technology (Volume 45)
• Pages: 184-193
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.45.184
• Online since: October 2006
• Authors: Wojciech L. Suchanek, Richard E. Riman
• Keywords: Aluminum (Al), Carbon Nanotube (CN), Hydrothermal Synthesis, Hydroxyapatite (HAP), Morphology Control, PZT, Review Powder Synthesis, Zinc Oxide (ZnO)

References

[1] K. Byrappa and M. Yoshimura: Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology (Noyes Publications/William Andrew Publishing LLC, U.S.A. 2001).

[2] R. Roy: J. Solid State Chem. Vol. 111 (1994), p.11.

[3] S. Sômiya: Hydrothermal Reactions for Materials Science and Engineering. An Overview of Research in Japan (Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., U.K. 1989).

[4] M. Yoshimura, W. L. Suchanek, and K. Byrappa: MRS Bull. Vol. 25 (2000), p.17.

[5] B. Gersten, M. Lencka and R. E. Riman: Chem. Mater. Vol. 14 (2002), p. (1950).

[6] R. E. Riman: in High Performance Ceramics: Surface Chemistry in Processing Technology, edited by R. Pugh and L. Bergström (Marcel-Dekker, U.S.A. 1993), p.29.

[7] W. J. Dawson: Ceram. Bull. Vol. 67 (1988), p.1673.

[8] G. C. Ulmer and H. L. Barnes: Hydrothermal Experimental Techniques (Wiley-Interscience, U.S.A. 1987).

[9] I. Sunagawa, K. Tsukamoto, K. Maiwa, and K. Onuma: Prog. Crystal Growth and Charact. Vol. 30 (1995), p.153.

[10] R. E. Riman, W. L. Suchanek, and M. M. Lencka: Ann. Chim. Sci. Mat. Vol. 27 (2002) p.15.

[11] W. L. Suchanek, M. M. Lencka, and R. E. Riman: in Aqueous Systems at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures: Physical Chemistry in Water, Steam, and Hydrothermal Solutions, edited by D. A. Palmer, R. Fernández-Prini, and A. H. Harvey (Elsevier Ltd. 2004), p.717.

DOI: 10.1016/b978-012544461-3/50019-3

[12] W. L. Suchanek, M.M. Lencka, L. E. McCandlish, R. L. Pfeffer, M. Oledzka, K. MikulkaBolen, G. A. Rossetti, Jr. and R. E. Riman: Crystal Growth & Design Vol. 5 (2005), p.1715.

DOI: 10.1021/cg049710x

[13] S. -B. Cho, M. Oledzka, and R. Riman: J. Crystal Growth Vol. 226 (2001), p.313.

[14] R. E. Riman, W. L. Suchanek, K. Byrappa, C. S. Oakes, C. -W. Chen, and P. Shuk: Solid State Ionics Vol. 151 (2002), p.393.

[15] W. Suchanek, H. Suda, M. Yashima, M. Kakihana, and M. Yoshimura: J. Mater. Res. Vol. 10 (1995), p.521.

[16] W. L. Suchanek, P. Shuk, K. Byrappa, R. E. Riman, K. S. TenHuisen, and V. F. Janas: Biomaterials Vol. 23 (2002), p.699.

DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00158-2

[17] W. L. Suchanek, K. Byrappa, P. Shuk, R. E. Riman, K. S. TenHuisen, and V. F. Janas: Biomaterials Vol. 25 (2004), p.4647.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.12.008

[18] W. L. Suchanek, J. Libera, Y. Gogotsi, and M. Yoshimura: J. Solid State Chem. Vol. 160 (2001), p.184.