The Effect of Dark and Light Pre-Treatment on the Photodegradation Efficiencies of Methylene Blue Using TiO₂ Nanoparticle under Mercury Light Irradiation

Abstract:

The textile industry in Indonesia is currently rapidly growing. However, this increase harms the environment because dyes from textile production are generally released into the environment without prior processing. Photocatalysis is one effort that can be used to overcome this problem. TiO₂ has been proven to be highly efficient in its work as a photocatalyst material. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of methylene blue (MB) photodegradation using TiO₂ with steady pre-treatment optimizations. The pre-treatment was carried out by leaving the mixture of TiO₂ and methylene blue in various conditions under dark and room light conditions, resulting in ⁓37% and ⁓50% degradation efficiencies, respectively. Higher total percent MB degradation efficiencies (%Eff) were reached after visible light irradiation using mercury lamp in the post-treatment of more than 75%, concluding that the pre-treatment both in dark and room light storage optimized the MB degradation process. Therefore, these pre-treatment methods are potentially suitable for industrial wastewater treatment before the photocatalysis process to lower the waste management cost.

• Periodical: Defect and Diffusion Forum (Volume 438)
• Pages: 11-17
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-O3NQwg
• Online since: February 2025
• Authors: Damacasta Ardeliapta Edivtaputri, Fadilah Hasna Khoiriyah, Nova Septi Widyaning Putri, Farah Ramadhani Muhammad Syams, Fajar Jelang Riyadi, Teguh Endah Saraswati*
• Keywords: Methylene Blue, Photodegradation, Pre-Treatment, TiO₂, Visible Light

References

[1] Islam, M.T., Al Mamun, M.A., Halim, A.F.M.F., Peila, R., Sanchez Ramirez, D.O., Current trends in textile wastewater treatment—bibliometric review, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31(13) (2024) 19166-19184.

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32454-3

[2] Kallawar, G.A., Bhanvase, B.A., A review on existing and emerging approaches for textile wastewater treatments: challenges and future perspectives, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31(2) (2024) 1748-1789.

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31175-3

[3] Kasavan, S., Yusoff, S., Guan, N.C., Zaman, N.S.K., Fakri, M.F.R., Global trends of textile waste research from 2005 to 2020 using bibliometric analysis, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28(33) (2021) 44780-44794.

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15303-5

[4] Jing, H.-P., Wang, C.-C., Zhang, Y.-W., Wang, P., Li, R., Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in ZIF-8, RSC Adv. 4(97) (2014) 54454-54462.

DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08820d

[5] Ong, C.B., Ng, L.Y., Mohammad, A.W., A review of ZnO nanoparticles as solar photocatalysts: Synthesis, mechanisms and applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 81 (2018) 536-551.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.020

[6] Gatou, M.-A., Syrrakou, A., Lagopati, N., Pavlatou, E.A., Photocatalytic TiO2-Based Nanostructures as a Promising Material for Diverse Environmental Applications: A Review, Reactions 5(1) (2024) 135-194.

DOI: 10.3390/reactions5010007

[7] Cheng, L., Xiang, Q., Liao, Y., Zhang, H., CdS-Based photocatalysts, Energy & Environmental Science 11(6) (2018) 1362-1391.

DOI: 10.1039/c7ee03640j

[8] Fauzi, A.A., Jalil, A.A., Hassan, N.S., Aziz, F.F.A., Azami, M.S., Hussain, I., Saravanan, R., Vo, D.V.N., A critical review on relationship of CeO2-based photocatalyst towards mechanistic degradation of organic pollutant, Chemosphere 286 (2022) 131651.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131651

[9] Lee, G.-J., Wu, J.J., Recent developments in ZnS photocatalysts from synthesis to photocatalytic applications — A review, Powder Technol. 318 (2017) 8-22.

DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.05.022

[10] Sujatha, G., Shanthakumar, S., Chiampo, F., UV Light-Irradiated Photocatalytic Degradation of Coffee Processing Wastewater Using TiO2 as a Catalyst, Environments 7(6) (2020) 47.

DOI: 10.3390/environments7060047

[11] Schneider, J., Matsuoka, M., Takeuchi, M., Zhang, J., Horiuchi, Y., Anpo, M., Bahnemann, D.W., Understanding TiO2 Photocatalysis: Mechanisms and Materials, Chem. Rev. 114(19) (2014) 9919-9986.

DOI: 10.1021/cr5001892

[12] Khalifa, Z.S., Shaban, M., Ahmed, I.A., Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange and Methylene Blue Dyes by Engineering the Surface Nano-Textures of TiO(2) Thin Films Deposited at Different Temperatures via MOCVD, Molecules 28(3) (2023).

DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031160

[13] Duran, F., Diaz-Uribe, C., Vallejo, W., Muñoz-Acevedo, A., Schott, E., Zarate, X., Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue on TiO2 Thin Films Impregnated with Anderson-Evans Al-Polyoxometalates: Experimental and DFT Study, ACS Omega 8(30) (2023) 27284-27292.

DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02657

[14] Cwalinski, T., Polom, W., Marano, L., Roviello, G., D'Angelo, A., Cwalina, N., Matuszewski, M., Roviello, F., Jaskiewicz, J., Polom, K., Methylene Blue-Current Knowledge, Fluorescent Properties, and Its Future Use, J Clin Med 9(11) (2020).

DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113538

[15] Khan, I., Saeed, K., Zekker, I., Zhang, B., Hendi, A.H., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, S., Zada, N., Ahmad, H., Shah, L.A., Shah, T., Khan, I., Review on Methylene Blue: Its Properties, Uses, Toxicity and Photodegradation, Water 14(2) (2022) 242.

DOI: 10.3390/w14020242

[16] Shaban, M., Ashraf, A.M., Abukhadra, M.R., TiO2 Nanoribbons/Carbon Nanotubes Composite with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity; Fabrication, Characterization, and Application, Sci. Rep. 8(1) (2018) 781.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19172-w

[17] Falk, G.S., Borlaf, M., López-Muñoz, M.J., Fariñas, J.C., Rodrigues Neto, J.B., Moreno, R., Microwave-assisted synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles: photocatalytic activity of powders and thin films, J. Nanopart. Res. 20(2) (2018) 23.

DOI: 10.1007/s11051-018-4140-7

[18] Chen, D., Cheng, Y., Zhou, N., Chen, P., Wang, Y., Li, K., Huo, S., Cheng, P., Peng, P., Zhang, R., Wang, L., Liu, H., Liu, Y., Ruan, R., Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using TiO2-based photocatalysts: A review, J. Clean Prod. 268 (2020) 121725.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121725

[19] Khan, S.A., Arshad, Z., Shahid, S., Arshad, I., Rizwan, K., Sher, M., Fatima, U., Synthesis of TiO2/Graphene oxide nanocomposites for their enhanced photocatalytic activity against methylene blue dye and ciprofloxacin, Compos. Part B-Eng. 175 (2019) 107120.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107120

[20] Burek, B.O., Bahnemann, D.W., Bloh, J.Z., Modeling and Optimization of the Photocatalytic Reduction of Molecular Oxygen to Hydrogen Peroxide over Titanium Dioxide, ACS Catalysis 9(1) (2019) 25-37.

DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03638