Green Synthesis of TiO₂ and its Modification with Activated Carbon from Nutmeg Shell for Photodegradation of Chlorpyrifos Pesticide

Abstract:

The green synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) and their modification with activated carbon (AC) derived from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) seed shell as photocatalyst for photodegradation of chlorpyrifos pesticide has been successfully conducted. TiO₂ NPs were synthesized using orange peel extract that play a pivotal role as bioreductor, stabilizers and capping agent in synthesis of TiO₂ NPs with titanium tetraisopropoxide as a precursor. The carbonized nutmeg shell was activated using NaOH solution and the activated carbon/TiO₂ (AC/TiO₂) nanocomposite was prepared by hydrothermal method. The crystallinity, average crystallite size, and anatase structure of TiO₂ are established by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the morphology and optical property of synthesized materials was analysis by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The average crystallite size of 7.5 wt%-AC/TiO₂ nanocomposite was a little bigger than that of TiO₂ NPs. Photodegradation of chlorpyrifos was selected as a model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of 7.5 wt%-AC/TiO₂ nanocomposite. The results showed that 7.5%-AC/TiO₂ nanocomposite can degrade the chlorpyrifos solution up to 81% after irradiated under UV light for 6 hours at the initial mass of photocatalyst was 250 mg and initial chlorpyrifos concentration was 6 ppm. The photocatalytic activity of 7.5%-AC/TiO₂ nanocomposite was higher than that of bare TiO₂ NPs.

• Periodical: Defect and Diffusion Forum (Volume 438)
• Pages: 19-28
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-O0zmBo
• Online since: February 2025
• Authors: Mutiara Ramadhani, Surya Lubis*, Ilham Maulana
• Keywords: Activated Carbon, Chlorpyrifos, Nanocomposite, Nutmeg Shell, Photodegradation, TiO₂

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