Comparison of Artificial Stone Made from Sludge Stone with Travertine Stone Waste of Stone Cutting Factory

Abstract:

Using from Stone factory waste was obtained a high-quality artificial stone. The basis of these stones is factory waste; i. Sludge stone cutting factory (SSCF) and ii. The pure waste of travertine stone (WTS).Basic formulation of artificial stone is SSCF or WTS, 50 wt.% of sludge stone is cement, 12 wt.% of cement is unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), 25 wt.% is water, 7 wt.% is the filler consists of micro-silica and different amounts of TiO₂-NP. Artificial stones production with this method than to natural stone are pressure-resistant, highly flexible, resistant to freezing and scrapes, lightweight, ability to cut and form the low thickness and is self-cleaning.Artificial stones made of SSCF in all mechanical properties are better than WTS, because the density of the SSCF is much greater than the powder prepared from WST and SSCF is all wastewater leaving the factory after cutting various types of decorative stones. As well as for preparation of artificial stone from WTS should be done once milled and powdered waste, this step increases the cost of them.Keywords: Artificial stone; Sludge stone cutting factory (SSCF); Waste of travertine stone (WTS); Nanoparticles of TiO₂; Cement.

• Periodical: International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa (Volume 23)
• Pages: 64-71
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.23.64
• Online since: April 2016
• Authors: Nasim Sarami, Leila Mahdavian*
• Keywords: Artificial Stone, Cement, Nanoparticles of TiO₂, Sludge Stone Cutting Factory (SSCF), Waste of Travertine Stone (WTS)

References

[1] Iran stone quarrying industry andGATT: Iran exports and imports. http: /www. rockstone. biz/iran-stone. php.

[2] Mosaferi, M. Dianat, I. Khatibi, M.S. Nemati Mansour, S. Fahiminia, M and Asl Hashem, A. Review of environmental aspects and waste management of stonecutting and fabrication industries. Journal of Material Cycles and waste Management. 16(4), (2013).

DOI: 10.1007/s10163-013-0193-y

[3] Mosaferi, M. Fahiminia, M. Taghipour, S. Environmental management of the solids wastes of stone cutting industries: a case study of Qom province. J Environ Sci Technol. 9(2), (2007), 65-73.

[4] Yarmohamadi Samani, H. Yarahmadi Bafghi, A.R. Prediction of the sawing quality of Marmarit stones using the capability of artificial neural network. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 36(7), (2012).

DOI: 10.1002/nag.1033

[5] Mbuligwe E. S, Kaseva, E.M. Assessment of industrial solid waste management and resource recovery practices in Tanzania. Resour Conserv Recy. 47, (2006), 260–276.

DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.11.002

[6] Fahiminia, M. Ardani, R. Hashemi, S. Alizadeh, M. Wastewater Treatment of Stone Cutting Industries by Coagulation Process. Arch Hyg Sci. 2(1), (2013), 16-22.

[7] Bianchini, G. Marrocchino, E. Tassinari, R. and Vaccaro. Recycling ofconstruction and demolition waste materials: a chemical- mineralogical appraisal. Waste Management. 25(2), (2005), 149-159.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2004.09.005

[8] Alzboon, K. and Mahasneh, K.N. Effect of Using Stone Cutting Waste on the Compression Strength and Slump Characteristics of Concrete. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 3, (2009) 03-27.

[9] Pentecost, A. Travertine, Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, (2005). ISBN 1-4020-3523-3.

[10] LEA,F.M. The chemistry of cement and concrete(London, Arnold, 1970).

[11] ACI COMMITTEE 211. 1-91.

[12] CONCRETE SOCIETY, Concrete core testing for strength, Technical Report. No. 11, p.44 (London, 1976).

[13] BS EN 14617-2: 2008, Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 2: Determination of flexural strength (bending).

DOI: 10.3403/03218452u

[14] EN 12372: 2007, Natural stone test methods - Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load.

DOI: 10.3403/30403938

[15] EN 14618: 2009, Agglomerated stone- Terminology and classification.

[16] EN 14617-16, Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Determination of dimensions, geometric characteristics and surface quality of modular tiles.

DOI: 10.3403/03248631u

[17] BS EN 14617-1: 2005, Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 1: Determination of Apparent Density and Water Absorption.

DOI: 10.3403/03245546

[18] BS EN 14617-4: 2012, Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 4: Determination of the abrasion resistance.

[19] ISO 8486-1: 1996, Bonded abrasives - Determination and designation of grain size distribution - Part 1: Macrogrits F4 to F220.

DOI: 10.3403/00949626u

[20] BS EN 16140: 2011, Natural stone test methods. Determination of sensitivity to changes in appearance produced by thermal cycles.

DOI: 10.3403/30228471u