Experimental Analysis of Persea americana as Filtration Loss Control Additive for Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluid

Abstract:

Persea Americana is well known for its short shelf life while the seed is widely considered a waste material by domestic consumers and industry processors. This paper presents the results of the study carried out to evaluate the possibility of using three parts of the Persea Americana namely: its seed, a combination of the Persea Americana seed and its pulp and the Persea Americana pulp as filtration loss control additives in a non-aqueous drilling fluid while using Sodium Asphalt Sulfonate as a control. The evaluation was conducted under high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) static filtration test conditions (at 250°F and 500 psi) based on American Petroleum Institute Standard. From the study, the result showed that all three samples from the Persea Americana fruit showed good potential to control filtration loss when used to formulate a synthetic oil based mud. The filtration control capacity increased as their concentration in the mud was increased. However, in comparison, the pulp was 2.5 times and 1.5 times more efficient in controlling filtration loss when compared to the seed only and the seed and pulp combination respectively. Also, in terms of filtrate volume and filtered cake thickness, an equal concentration of Sodium Asphalt Sulfonate and the proposed additive gave good results; but the existing filtration loss control additive is slightly better than the proposed one. The low fluid loss volumes recorded with Persea Americana as fluid loss additives at HPHT conditions is an indication of its stability at elevated temperature conditions. The cake thickness was thin, impermeable and 1mm in size for all the samples of the Persea Americana. This meets the API requirement of mud cake thickness of less than 2mm.

• Periodical: International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa (Volume 44)
• Pages: 8-21
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.44.8
• Online since: August 2019
• Authors: Kevin Chinwuba Igwilo, Emeka Emmanuel Okoro*, Okorie Agwu, Christopher Onedibe, Sabinus I. Ibeneme, Nnanna Okoli
• Keywords: Filtrate Volume, Fluid Loss Control Additive, Non-Aqueous Mud, Persea americana, Sodium Asphalt Sulfonate

References

[1] Kumar, A., Fluid Loss as a Function of Position around the Wellbore, Paper AADE-10-DF-HO-18 presented at the 2010 American Association of Drilling Engineers Fluids Conference and Exhibition held at the Hilton Houston North, Houston, Texas, (2010).

[2] Azar, J.J. and Samuel, G.R., Drilling Engineering. PennWell Books, (2007).

[3] Awele, N., Investigation of additives on drilling mud performance with TØNDER geothermal drilling, as a case study, Masters degree thesis submitted to the Chemical Engineering Department, Aalborg University, Denmark, (2014).

[4] Kosynkin, D.V., Ceriotti, G., Wilson, K.C., Lomeda, J.R. Scorsone, J.T., Patel, A.D., Friedheim, J.E. and Tour, J.M., Graphene Oxide as a high performance fluid loss control additive in water based drilling fluids, ACS Applied material and Interfaces, 2011. www.ac-sami.org, dx.doi.org/10.1021/am2012799.

DOI: 10.1021/am2012799

[5] E.E. Okoro, A. Dosunmu, B. Oriji and S. Iyuke, Impact of Reversible Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluid rheology on productivity, SPE-178308-MS, Nigerian Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, (2015).

DOI: 10.2118/178308-ms

[6] Caenn, R. and Chillingar, G.V., Drilling fluids: State of the Art. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Volume 14, pp.221-230, (1996).

DOI: 10.1016/0920-4105(95)00051-8

[7] Malik, D.S., Jain, C.K and Yadav, A.K., Removal of heavy metals from emerging cellulosic low-cost adsorbents: A review, Applied Water Science. Springer link Publishers, 2016.

DOI: 10.1007/s13201-016-0401-8

[8] Centore, M., Hochman, G. and Zilberman, D., Worldwide survey of biodegradable feedstocks, waste-toenergy technologies, and adoption of technologies, In Modeling, Dynamics, Optimization and Bioeconomics, p.163–181, (2014).

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04849-9_11

[9] Evelyn Bose Ekeinde, Emmanuel Emeka Okoro, Adewale Dosunmu, and Sunny Iyuke, Optimizing aqueous drilling mud system viscosity with green additives, Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-018-0481-0.

DOI: 10.1007/s13202-018-0481-0

[10] Forero, M.P., Storage life enhancement of Persea Americana fruits, Masters degree thesis submitted to the Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Canada, (2007).

[11] Ofosu, I.W., Owusu, A.A., Mensah, W.A., Oldham, J.H. and Oduro, I., Modeling the Formulation and Shelf Life of Persea Americana (Persea americana) Fruit Spread, American Journal of Food Technology, Volume 6, pp.661-673, (2011).

DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2011.661.673

[12] Wogu, M. D. and Ighile, N. E., Microorganisms associated with the spoilage of Persea Americana, Persea americana fruits. AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology. Volume 3, Number 2, pp.244-258, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/stech.v3i2.15.

DOI: 10.4314/stech.v3i2.15

[13] Barbosa-Martín, E., Chel-Guerrero, L., González-Mondragón, E. and Betancur-Ancona, D., Chemical and technological properties of Persea Americana (Persea americana Mill.) seed fibrous residues. Food andBioproducts processing , Volume 100 p.457–463, (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.09.006

[14] Dávila, J.A., Rosenberg, M., Castro, E. and Cardona, C.A., A model biorefinery for avocado (Persea americana mill.) processing. Bioresource Technology, Volume 243, p.17–29, (2017).

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.063

[15] Silva, I.R.A., Magnani, M., Medeiros de Albuquerque, F.S, Batista, K.S., De Souza Aquino, J. and Queiroga-Neto, V., Characterization of the chemical and structural properties of native and acetylated starches from Persea Americana (Persea Americana Mill.) seeds, International Journal of Food Properties. Volume 20, No. S1, S279–S289, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2017.1295259. Taylor and Francis group.

DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1295259

[16] Ortiz, M.A., Dorantes, A.L., Gallndez, M.J. and Cárdenas, S.E., Effect of a novel oil extraction method on Persea Americana (Persea americana Mill) pulp microstructure, Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. Volume 59, Number 1, pp.11-14, (2004).

DOI: 10.1007/s11130-004-0032-3

[17] Padilla-Camberos, E., Martínez-Velázquez, M., Flores-Fernández, J.M. and Villanueva-Rodríguez, S., Acute Toxicity and Genotoxic Activity of Persea Americana Seed Extract (Persea americana Mill., c.v. Hass), The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2013, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/245828.

DOI: 10.1155/2013/245828

[18] Pamplora, G.D. and Roger, M.D., Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. pp.719-720, (1999).

[19] Ejiofor, N.C., Ezeagu, I.E., Ayoola, M. and Umera, E.A., Determination of the chemical composition of Persea Americana (Persea americana) seed, Journal of Advances in food technology and nutritional sciences; SE (2): S51-S55, 2018. Ventio publishers.

DOI: 10.17140/aftnsoj-se-2-107

[20] Chel-Guerrero, L., Barbosa-Martín, E., Martínez-Antonio, A., González-Mondragón, E., and Betancur-Ancona, D., Some physicochemical and rheological properties of starch isolated from Persea Americana seeds, Int J BiolMacromol. 86:302-8, (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.052

[21] Oraemesi, I. (2017) Soxhlet Extraction of Persea Americana Endocarp and Trituration Of Persea Americana Mesocarp For Biodiesel Production. Master' s degree thesis submitted to the graduate school of Fort Hays State University, (2017).

DOI: 10.58809/owtw3943

[22] Orhevba, B.A. and Jinadu, A.O., Determination of Physico-chemical Properties and Nutritional Contents of Persea Americana Pear (Persea americanaM.), Academic Research International . Volume 1, p.374–380, (2011).

[23] Barbosa-Martín, E., Chel-Guerrero, L., González-Mondragón, E. and Betancur-Ancona, D., Chemical and technological properties of Persea Americana (Persea americana Mill.) seed fibrous residues, Food and Bioproducts processing , Volume 100 p.457–463, (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.09.006

[24] Agwu, O.E. andAkpabio, J.U., Using agro-waste materials as possible filter loss control agents in drilling muds: A review, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Volume 163, p.185 – 198, (2018).

DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2018.01.009

[25] Colorado Integrated Food Safety Centre of Excellence, 2015, Persea Americana s. http://fsi.colostate.edu/Persea Americana s/. (accessed: 24 June 2018).

[26] Amoco Production Company Drilling Fluids Manual (1), 2001, p.428 – 435.