Modification of Cellulose Isolated from Coconut Dregs Using Glycidyl Methacrylate (GMA)

Abstract:

The main objective of this work was to produce grafted cellulose from coconut dregs. In this work, cellulose isolated from coconut dregs was grafted with various concentrations of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Cellulose-GMA prepared using 20% of ​​GMA produced the highest grafting percentage, where the grafting percentage reached 299.2%. The obtained grafted cellulose was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and TGA. FT-IR spectra confirmed the formation of cellulose-GMA and XRD data showed a slight decrease in the crystallinity of cellulose after GMA addition from 6.98% to 6.02%, 5.57%, and 5.83% for cellulose-GMA prepared using 15%, 20%, and 25% of GMA, respectively. Cellulose-GMA showed higher thermal stability than cellulose, that potentially used in some applications at higher temperatures.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1001)
• Pages: 119-124
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-lLM4p3
• Online since: December 2024
• Authors: Rahmi Rahmi*, Febriani Febriani, Lelifajri Lelifajri, Sari Safitri
• Keywords: Cellulose, Coconut Dregs, Glycidyl Methacrylate, Grafting

References

[1] A. I. Waly, M. A. M. Khedr, H. M. Ali, and I. Ahmed, "Chemical Functionalization of Cellulose-Poly (Glycidyl-Methacrylate) Graft Copolymer with Two Different Poly Amino Compounds," Egypt. J. Chem., vol. 63, no. 7, p.2673–2682, 2020.

DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2020.26122.2522

[2] T. Aziz et al., "A review on the modification of cellulose and its applications," Polymers (Basel)., vol. 14, no. 15, p.3206, 2022.

[3] H. Y. Choi et al., "Thiol-functionalized cellulose nanofiber membranes for the effective adsorption of heavy metal ions in water," Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 234, p.115881, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115881

[4] J. A. Avbunudiogba, N. David, O. A. Meko, S. O. Eraga, and M. I. Arhewoh, "Extraction and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Cocos nucifera Seed Pulp," vol. 8, no. 4, p.106–115, 2022.

[5] A. P. B. Mariano, Y. Unpaprom, V. K. Ponnusamy, and R. Ramaraj, "Bioethanol production from coconut pulp residue using hydrothermal and postalkaline pretreatment," Int. J. Energy Res., vol. 45, no. 6, p.8140–8150, 2021.

DOI: 10.1002/er.5544

[6] J. Chutrtong and W. Chutrtong, "ScienceDirect ScienceDirect ScienceDirect ScienceDirect Paper Paper for for Chromatographic Chromatographic Technique Technique from from Coconut Pulp Cellulose Coconut Pulp Cellulose Costing models for capacity optimization in Industry 4.0 : Trade-off," Procedia Manuf., vol. 32, pp.969-974, 2019.

DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.310

[7] L. Guo, D. Li, H. Lennholm, H. Zhai, and M. Ek, "Structural and functional modification of cellulose nanofibrils using graft copolymerization with glycidyl methacrylate by Fe2+–thiourea dioxide–H2O2 redox system," Cellulose, vol. 26, no. 8, p.4853–4864, 2019.

DOI: 10.1007/s10570-019-02411-2

[8] D. R. Tobergte and S. Curtis, "Graft Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Onto Rice Husk," J. Chem. Inf. Model., vol. 53, no. 9, p.1689–1699, 2013.

[9] X. Liu, Y. Li, Z. Chu, Y. Fang, and H. Zheng, "Surface modification of bacterial cellulose aerogels by ARGET ATRP," J. Appl. Biomater. Funct. Mater., vol. 16, no. 1_suppl, p.163–169, 2018.

DOI: 10.1177/2280800018757337

[10] R. K. Sharma, R. Kumar, and A. P. Singh, "Metal ions and organic dyes sorption applications of cellulose grafted with binary vinyl monomers," Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 209, no. August 2018, p.684–697, 2019.

DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.011

[11] A. Barakat, A. Fahmy, S. H. EL-Moslamy, E. M. El-Fakharany, E. A. Kamoun, and M. Bassyouni, "Cellulose nanocrystals from sugarcane bagasse and its graft with GMA: Synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility assessment," J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., vol. 11, no. 2, p.114–125, 2021.

DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2021.110215

[12] H. Abral et al., "Transparent and antimicrobial cellulose film from ginger nanofiber," Food Hydrocoll., vol. 98, no. May 2019, p.105266, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105266

[13] R. K. Sharma and R. Kumar, "Functionalized cellulose with hydroxyethyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate for metal ions and dye adsorption applications," Int. J. Biol. Macromol., vol. 134, p.704–721, 2019.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.059

[14] B. Abderrahim, E. Abderrahman, A. Mohamed, T. Fatima, and T. Abdesselam, "Kinetic Thermal Degradation of Cellulose , Polybutylene Succinate and a Green Composite : Comparative Study," no. June 2018, 2015.