Study on Coating of TiO₂ Nanotubes on Microporous Ti Surfaces for Biomedical Applications

Abstract:

In this research, smooth commercial Ti grade 2 corroded by ErCl₃.6H₂O under an electrochemical process with difference electrochemical current ranging from 0.5 – 4A, providing a rougher surface conducive to the adsorption on the Ti surface. A thin layer of TiO₂ nanotubes synthesized via the anodization method on microporous Ti surfaces for application in the biomedical field. The results reveal that the smooth titanium surface was completely corroded, resulting in the formation of a microporous structure, with a thin layer of TiO₂ successfully formed on the microporous titanium surfaces. The digital optical images obtained using digital microscope (VHX) showed that the micropore depth is around 41.94 - 55.83 µm. On the other hand, the SEM results revealed that the diameter of TiO₂ nanotubes ranged from 50 – 80 nm. The EDS and XRD techniques indicated that no impurities were present, and the TiO₂ phase was successfully formed. SEM images show positive results regarding the formation of a bone-like CaP mineral layer after 14 days of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), indicating suitability for biomedical applications.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1002)
• Pages: 45-53
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xqj5HI
• Online since: December 2024
• Authors: Vu Cong Manh, Dang Minh Duc, Dang Quoc Khanh, Dao Hong Bach, Nguyen Duc Trung Kien, Mai Xuan Dung, Truong Quoc Phong, Vuong Hung Pham*
• Keywords: Biomedical, Corroded, Microporous, Thin Layer, Ti, TiO₂ Nanotubes

References

[1] S. Jafari, B. Mahyad, H. Hashemzadeh, et al., "Biomedical applications of TiO2 nanostructures: Recent advances," Int. J. Nanomedicine 15 (2020) 3447–3470.

DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s249441

[2] D. Losic, "Advancing of titanium medical implants by surface engineering: recent progress and challenges," Expert Opin. Drug. Deliv. 18 (2021) 1355-1378.

DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1928071

[3] V. Kumaravel, K.M. Nair, S. Mathew, et al., "Antimicrobial TiO2 nanocomposite coatings for surfaces, dental and orthopaedic implants," Chemical Engineering Journal 416 (2021) 129071.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129071

[4] M. Geetha, A.K. Singh, R. Asokamani, et al., "Ti based biomaterials, the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants - A review," Prog. Mater .Sci. 54 (2009) 397-424.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2008.06.004

[5] Y. Li, C. Yang, H. Zhao, et al., "New developments of Ti-based alloys for biomedical applications," Materials 7 (2014) 1709-1800.

[6] D. Rana, T. Matsuura, "Surface modifications for antifouling membranes," Chem. Rev. 110 (2010) 2448-2471.

DOI: 10.1021/cr800208y

[7] S. Durdu, G. Cihan, E. Yalcin, et al. "Characterization and mechanical properties of TiO2 nanotubes formed on titanium by anodic oxidation," Ceram. Int. 47 (2021)10972-10979.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.12.218

[8] M. Saini, "Implant biomaterials: A comprehensive review," World J. Clin. Cases 3 (2015) 52-57.

[9] Y.C Nah, I. Paramasivam, P. Schmuki, "Doped TiO2 and TiO2 nanotubes: Synthesis and applications," Chem.Phys.Chem. 11 (2010) 2698-2713.

DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000276

[10] X. Liu, P.K. Chu, C. Ding, "Surface modification of titanium, titanium alloys, and related materials for biomedical applications," Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports 47 (2004) 49-121.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2004.11.001

[11] V. Jokanović, M. Vilotijević, B. Jokanović, et al, "Investigations of corrosion on the surface of titanium substrate caused by combined alkaline and heat treatment," Corros. Sci. 82 (2014) 180-190.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2014.01.014

[12] S. Kathirvel, C. Su, C.Y. Yang, et al.,"The growth of TiO2 nanotubes from sputter-deposited Ti film on transparent conducting glass for photovoltaic applications," Vacuum 118 (2015) 17-25.

DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2014.12.024

[13] V.H. Pham, T.S. Jang, H.D. Jung, et al., "Creation of nanoporous tantalum (Ta)-incorporated titanium (Ti) surface onto Ti implants by sputtering of Ta in Ar under extremely high negative substrate biases," J .Mater. Chem. 22 (2012) 24798-24804.

DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35536a

[14] Y. Yokoi, "Osteoblast-like cell proliferation, alp activity and photocatalytic activity on sintered anatase and rutile titanium dioxide," Materials 14 (2021) 4414 .

DOI: 10.3390/ma14164414

[15] S. Türk, I.Altınsoy, G. Çelebi Efe, et al., "A comparison of pretreatments on hydroxyapatite formation on Ti by biomimetic method,"Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society. 54 (2018) 533-543.

DOI: 10.1007/s41779-018-0182-7