Corrosion and Oxidation Behaviour of Ti-Al Based Alloys Synthesized via Laser In Situ Alloying

Abstract:

Developing titanium aluminides (Ti-Al) based alloys by means of Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) in-situ manufacturing presents attractive properties as compared to other fabrication methods. Ti-Al alloys have attracted much attention for high-temperature performance in gas turbine and automobile applications because of their attractive properties such as low density, high strength, high stiffness, and good oxidation resistance. In this work, laser in-situ fabricated Ti-Al-Nb-Cr quaternary alloys were developed. The samples were exposed to 1350°C and cooled in air for stress relief and for homogenizing phase distribution before characterization, corrosion behaviour and oxidation properties were investigated. From the electrochemical performance results, sample QT1 and QT2 displayed high potential and high current densities with the values of-0.33931V, -0.36934V and 5.77E-05A/cm², 4.89E-05A/cm², respectively and the corroded SEM proves that the samples had minimal structural damage. The minimum mass gain was observed during oxidation test proving that Ti-Al-Nb-Cr alloys have outstanding oxidation properties for potential high temperature application.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1013)
• Pages: 77-82
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-VwXN1o
• Online since: May 2025
• Authors: Lehlogonolo Rudolf Kanyane*, Abimbola Patricia I. Popoola, Nicholas Malatji
• Keywords: Corrosion, Laser In Situ, Microstructure, Oxidation, Ti-Al Based Alloys

References

[1] Li, W., et al., Understanding the atomistic deformation mechanisms of polycrystalline γ-TiAl under nanoindentation: Effect of lamellar structure. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020. 828: p.154443.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154443

[2] Lapin, J., et al., Hot deformation behaviour and microstructure evolution of TiAl-based alloy reinforced with carbide particles. Intermetallics, 2020. 127: p.106962.

DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106962

[3] Galetz, M.C., et al., Oxidation-induced microstructural changes of the TiAl TNM-B1 alloy after exposure at 900° C in air. Intermetallics, 2020. 123: p.106830.

DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106830

[4] Laska, N., R. Braun, and S. Knittel, Oxidation behavior of protective Ti-Al-Cr based coatings applied on the γ-TiAl alloys Ti-48-2-2 and TNM-B1. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2018. 349: pp.347-356.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.05.067

[5] Gong, X., et al., Synergistic effect of B and Y on the isothermal oxidation behavior of TiAl-Nb-Cr-V alloy. Corrosion Science, 2018. 131: pp.376-385.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2017.12.013

[6] Naveed, M., A.F. Renteria, and S. Weiß, Role of alloying elements during thermocyclic oxidation of β/γ-TiAl alloys at high temperatures. Journal of Alloys and compounds, 2017. 691: pp.489-497.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.08.259

[7] Cheng, J., et al., Electrochemical corrosion and tribological evaluation of TiAl alloy for marine application. Tribology International, 2017. 115: pp.483-492.

DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2017.06.027

[8] Distl, B., G. Dehm, and F. Stein, Effect of Oxygen on High‐temperature Phase Equilibria in Ternary Ti‐Al‐Nb Alloys. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 2020.

DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000098

[9] Dahar, M.S., S.A. Tamirisakandala, and J.J. Lewandowski. Integrated Computational Materials Engineering of Gamma Titanium Aluminides for Aerospace Applications. in MATEC Web of Conferences. 2020. EDP Sciences.

DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/202032108002

[10] Bibhanshu, N., A. Bhattacharjee, and S. Suwas, Hot deformation response of titanium aluminides Ti–45Al-(5, 10) Nb-0.2 B-0.2 C with pre-conditioned microstructures. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020. 832: p.154584.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154584

[11] Tlotleng, M. and S. Pityana, Effects of Al and heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of Ti–Al synthesized via in situ melting using LENS. Metals, 2019. 9(6): p.623.

DOI: 10.3390/met9060623

[12] Školáková, A., et al., Kinetic and thermodynamic description of intermediary phases formation in Ti-Al system during reactive sintering. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2019. 230: pp.122-130.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.03.062

[13] Kanyane, L., et al. Microstructural evolution and nano-mechanical properties of Ti-Al-based alloys synthesized by laser in-situ alloying. in MATEC Web of Conferences. 2022. EDP Sciences.

DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/202237003001

[14] Knaislová, A., et al., Effect of alloying elements on the properties of Ti-Al-Si alloys prepared by powder metallurgy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021. 868: p.159251.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.159251

[15] Wei, D., et al., Microstructure, nano-mechanical characterization, and fretting wear behavior of plasma surface Cr-Nb alloying on γ-TiAl. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2020: p.1350650120939835.

DOI: 10.1177/1350650120939835

[16] Raji, S.A., et al., Characteristic effects of alloying elements on β solidifying titanium aluminides: A review. Heliyon, 2020. 6(7): p. e04463.

DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04463

[17] Iijima, D., et al., Wear properties of Ti and Ti–6Al–7Nb castings for dental prostheses. Biomaterials, 2003. 24(8): pp.1519-1524.

DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00533-1

[18] Fischer, F.D., et al., Study of nanometer-scaled lamellar microstructure in a Ti–45Al–7.5 Nb alloy–Experiments and modeling. Intermetallics, 2010. 18(4): pp.509-517.

DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2009.09.012

[19] Cheng, J., et al., High temperature tribological behavior of a Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb intermetallics. Intermetallics, 2012. 31: pp.120-126.

DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2012.06.013

[20] Wang, J., et al., Microstructure characteristics and failure mechanisms of Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr titanium aluminide intermetallic alloy fabricated by directed energy deposition technique. Additive Manufacturing, 2020. 32: p.101007.

DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2019.101007

[21] Ye, L.-H., et al., Phase stability of TiAl-X (X= V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, and Mn) alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020. 819: p.153291.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153291

[22] Bresler, J., et al., The influence of niobium, tantalum and zirconium on the microstructure and creep strength of fully lamellar γ/α2 titanium aluminides. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2019. 744: pp.46-53.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2018.11.152

[23] Neumeier, S., et al., Partitioning Behavior of Nb, Ta, and Zr in Fully Lamellar γ/α2 Titanium Aluminides and Its Effect on the Lattice Misfit and Creep Behavior. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2021: p.2100156.

DOI: 10.1002/adem.202100156

[24] Kanyane, L.R., et al., Heat-treatment effect on anti-corrosion behaviour and tribological properties of LENS in-situ synthesized titanium aluminide. International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture, 2022. 5(2): pp.153-161.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2021.11.006

[25] Dai, J., et al., High temperature oxidation behavior and research status of modifications on improving high temperature oxidation resistance of titanium alloys and titanium aluminides: A review. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016. 685: pp.784-798.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.06.212

[26] Donchev, A.G. and M.C. Galetz, The Importance of the Fluorine Effect on the Oxidation of Intermetallic Titanium Aluminides, in Intermetallic Compounds-Formation and Applications. 2018, IntechOpen.

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.75696