Paper Titles
An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Compression Calibration on the Ductility of AA6061 Extrusions
p.15
Numerical Investigation of Round Profile Production: A Fem-Based Comparison between Friction Stir Extrusion and Conventional Extrusion
p.25
Compensating Property Fluctuations in Cold Extrusion Using Adaptive Dies
p.35
Lightweight Battery Housings from Thin-Walled, Large-Scale Aluminum Profiles by Hot Extrusion
p.51
Calibrating a Lode-Parameter-Dependent Damage Evolution Equation to Cold Extrusion Experiments
p.63
Effect of Chemical Composition on Hot Extrudability and Tribological Behavior of 7000 Series Aluminum Alloys
p.73
Using Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Equipment to Locally Heat Tubes and Achieve Inhomogeneous Thickness in Tube Sinking Processes
p.83
Charge Weld Evolution in Profile Extrusion: Variability across Billets and Multi-Profile Designs
p.93
Development of a System for Ultrasonic Die Oscillations during Extrusion of Aluminum Hollow Profiles
p.109

Calibrating a Lode-Parameter-Dependent Damage Evolution Equation to Cold Extrusion Experiments

Article Preview
View Pdf By email

Abstract:

Forming processes significantly influence the product properties of a formed workpiece. Next to the effects of work hardening and residual stresses, the influence of ductile damage determines the final performance of a formed component. Thus, precise damage models are crucial for designing new forming process sequences. In general, this is achieved by modelling the evolution of damage as a function of hydrostatic and deviatoric stress, characterized by the stress triaxiality and the Lode-parameter. However, calibrating damage models to the effects of triaxiality and the Lode-parameter is not trivial, since experiments usually represent a combination of both influences. A recent experimental approach by the authors offers the possibility to vary the Lode-parameter in extrusion experiments while keeping the triaxiality constant. This paper aims to use this data of the isolated deviatoric effect on damage to calibrate a damage evolution equation. The model is calibrated to void area fraction measurements obtained by scanning electron microscopy of extruded case-hardening steel 16MnCrS5. For validation, the model predictions for non-constant Lode-parameter histories are compared to corresponding experiments. The model and experiments are in good agreement.

You might also be interested in these eBooks
Extrusion and Drawing View Preview

Info:

Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1048)

Pages:

63-71

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-Hm69aW

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

April 2026

Authors:

Robin Gitschel*, A. Erman Tekkaya, Yannis P. Korkolis

Keywords:

Cold Forging, Ductile Damage, Lode-Parameter, Parameter Identification

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Permissions:

Creative Commons CC BY 4.0

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

References

[1] O. Hering, A. E. Tekkaya, Damage-induced performance variations of cold forged parts, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 279 (2020) 116556.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116556

Google Scholar

[2] T.S. Cao, Models for ductile damage and fracture prediction in cold bulk metal forming processes: a review, International Journal of Material Forming 10(2) (2017) 139–171.

DOI: 10.1007/s12289-015-1262-7

Google Scholar

[3] J.R. Rice, D.M. Tracey, On the ductile enlargement of voids in triaxial stress fields, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 17(3) (1969) 201–217.

DOI: 10.1016/0022-5096(69)90033-7

Google Scholar

[4] F.A. McClintock, A Criterion for Ductile Fracture by the Growth of Holes, Journal of Applied Mechanics 35(2) (1968) 363–371.

DOI: 10.1115/1.3601204

Google Scholar

[5] W. Lode, Versuche über den Einfluß der mittleren Hauptspannung auf die Fließgrenze, Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 5(2) (1925) S. 142–144.

DOI: 10.1002/zamm.19250050215

Google Scholar

[6] A. Schowtjak, R. Schulte, T. Clausmeyer, R. Ostwald, A. E. Tekkaya, A. Menzel, ADAPT — A Diversely Applicable Parameter Identification Tool: Overview and full-field application examples, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 213 (2022) 106840.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2021.106840

Google Scholar

[7] O. Hering, A. Dunlap, A. E. Tekkaya, A. Aretz, A. Schwedt, Characterization of damage in forward rod extruded parts, International Journal of Material Forming 13 (6) (2020) 1003-1014.

DOI: 10.1007/s12289-019-01525-z

Google Scholar

[8] R. Gitschel., J. Gebhard, Y. P. Korkolis, A. E. Tekkaya, Isolating the effects of deviatoric and hydrostatic stress on damage evolution using cold extrusion experiments, International Journal of Solids and Structures 310 (2025), 113205.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2024.113205

Google Scholar

[9] Y. Lou, H. Huh, S. Lim, K. Pack, New ductile fracture criterion for prediction of fracture forming limit diagrams of sheet metals, International Journal of Solids and Structures 49 (2012) 3605–3615.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.02.016

Google Scholar

[10] R. Gitschel, O. Hering, A. Schulze, A. E. Tekkaya, Controlling Damage Evolution in Geometrically Identical Cold Forged Parts by Counterpressure, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 145 (1) (2023) 011011.

DOI: 10.1115/1.4056266

Google Scholar

[11] C.C. Chu, A. Needleman, Void Nucleation Effects in Biaxially Stretched Sheets, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 102(3) (1980) 249-256.

DOI: 10.1115/1.3224807

Google Scholar

[12] R. Gitschel, A. Schulze, A. E. Tekkaya, Void nucleation, growth and closure in cold forging: An uncoupled modelling approach, Advances in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering 7 (2023) 100124.

DOI: 10.1016/j.aime.2023.100124

Google Scholar