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Comprehensive Review of the Chemical Reactivity of B40 in Premixed Combustion Systems: Integration of Molecular Simulations and Thermal Experiments

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Abstract:

Biodiesel B40, a blend of 40% biodiesel and 60% diesel, has become a focal point in Indonesia’s clean energy transition. The potential for emission reductions, sustainable resource utilization, and the opportunity for integrating nanoparticle- and oxygenate-based additive technologies make B40 a promising alternative fuel. However, the chemical nature of the unsaturated ester compounds in B40 presents new challenges in the formation of NOx emissions and oxidative stability. This review aims to summarize the latest research on the molecular structure, combustion reactivity, and engine performance optimization strategies when using B40. Emphasis is placed on additives such as CeO₂, phenolic antioxidants, and short-chain oxygenates that enhance thermal efficiency and mitigate emissions. Through analysis from molecular perspectives to energy policy, this review highlights comparative trade-offs, industrial scalability, and research gaps. The paper also recommends standardized testing, hybrid additive approaches, and techno-economic assessments to accelerate the industrial deployment of B40.

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Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1052)

Pages:

55-62

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-k5wCDN

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Online since:

May 2026

Authors:

Catur Hardiyanto*, Supriyono Supriyono, Nur Aklis

Keywords:

B40 Biodiesel, Chemical Reactivity, Emission Reduction, Premixed Combustion

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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