Key Engineering Materials Vols. 400-402

Abstract: With the rapid development of the subgrade or the foundation over recent years in China, there is a growing tendency for tall building to orient its directions to the more numbers of plies, much higher and more complex in plane layout. Moreover, some buildings adopt tube structure or bundled tube structure and so on to diversified development. The changing-rigidity of ground or foundation has obvious effects on superstructure when the buildings act on much higher and huge type. Therefore, in view of this, taking the bundled-tube structure of super high building for example in the paper, the method, equal the bundled tube structure of super high building and its foundation to stiffening-thin wall-combination, is adopted, then based on the three-dimensional model, the rigidity of subgrade and foundation’s effect on superstructure are given by calculation with semi-analysis. The calculated result indicated that there exist remarkable influence on sideway of the top end, the sideway between layers, the warp of the tube and the stresses between the subgrade and the bottom of the foundation.

Abstract: Based on the analysis of internal force and stress of the truss after diagonal web member deviated in vierendeel truss type transfer story in a tall building, influence on the truss after diagonal web member deviated and suggestion of reinforcement are introduced. After reinforcement, this building has been put into use. Based on the observation of the transfer story in this building after use, it is found that the transformation satisfies applying requirements and no crack occurs.

Abstract: In this paper, a new analytical method is proposed to generate concrete random aggregate structure (RAS) in meso-scopic level. This method is particular useful for the progressive failure of concrete under various external loads. In the meso-mechanics level, the concrete is taken as the composite material consisting of aggregate, mortar and interface between them. As a result, it is generated a random aggregate structure in which the shape, size and distribution of the aggregate particles resemble real concrete in the statistical sense using the Monte Carlo random sampling principle in this paper, and the method proposed can generate both regular aggregate particles and irregular ones in 2-Dimmension. It is should be noted that vector concept and some controlling measures are also proposed to avoid generating aggregate particles not consistent with real ones. Numerical examples are simulated to validate the proposed method finally.

Abstract: Shape memory alloy (SMA) has many potential applications as an actuator in smart material systems due to its abilities of shape memory, pseudo-elasticity, high damping and wear resistant. In this paper, a smart concrete beam has been developed by taking advantage of the shape memory effect of SMA and the characteristic of applying large forces on the resisting member in the transformation of SMA on heating. Deformation behavior and influence of factors on the deformation behavior of SAM smart concrete beam were investigated experimentally. Actuation mechanics of SMA was analyzed. Experimental results show that SMA wires significantly increase structural survivability and allow structural to recover from residual deformation by damaged earthquake and typhoon, and the crack almost closes completely after electrically heating the SMA wires. The number or areas of SMA wires has no influence on the tendency of deformation during loading and the tendency of reversion by heating. An increasing of the initial pre-strain of SMA wire can significantly improve the capacity of self-restoration of SMA concrete beams, but the steel main bars play a very negative role in reducing residual deformation.

Abstract: This study examines the feasibility of using different lightweight aggregates (LA) and bottom ash as coarse and fine aggregates in concrete with fly ash. The lightweight materials were composed of 3 types, namely pumice, cellular lightweight aggregate and MTEC lightweight aggregate. The tests for physical and mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concretes (LWAC) were conducted in terms of workability, compressive strength, apparent density, abrasion resistance and absorption. Test results showed that compressive strength of LWAC increased with an increase in apparent density, which is mainly depending on the type of aggregate. The replacement of normal weight sand with bottom ash resulted in a decrease both in density of concrete by 180-225 kg/m3 and 28-day compressive strength of concrete by 16-26%. Moreover, the use of bottom ash to replace sand in concrete increased the demand for mixing water due to its porosity and shape and to further obtain the required workability. The type and absorption of LA influenced predominantly the water absorption of LWAC. Total replacement of natural sand by bottom ash increased the absorption of the concrete by 63-90%. With regard to abrasion resistance, the abrasion resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete was mainly dependent on the compressive strength of concrete: the higher the strength, the higher the abrasion resistance of LWAC. In addition, the use of bottom ash as a fine aggregate resulted in a lower abrasion resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete due to its porosity. Of the three types of lightweight materials, MTEC LA had achieved both low density and high compressive strength.

Abstract: An experimental program was formulated to investigate the characteristics of complete stress-strain curve of UHPC in uniaxial compression and flexural behaviors of prestressed UHPC beams. The particular focus was the influence of the partial prestress ratio and jacking stress on the flexural response of UHPC beams. The tests of beams demonstrated that the UHPC beams have an excellent behavior in load carrying capacity, crack distribution and deformability; their ultimate deflection can reach 1/34～1/42 of the span. Based on this investigation, theoretical correlations for the prediction structure response of UHPC beams are proposed.

Abstract: Flexure behaviors of plain concrete (PC), steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), polymer modified concrete (PMC), steel fiber reinforced and polymer modified concrete (SFRPMC) and hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) with steel fiber and polymer fiber are studied in this paper, flexure tests were carried out and flexure strengths of the five different materials with different mixture ratios were measured and compared. Flexure ductility of PC, PMC, SFRC, and SFRPMC were calculated and compared. In addition, considering performance and cost estimation comprehensively, HFRC is recommended, preliminary tests show that HFRC may be one of the potential materials for bridge pavement.

Abstract: Ultra high toughness cementitious composite (abbreviated as UHTCC) shows significant pseudo strain hardening behavior and offers prominent tension strain ability of more than 3% when subjected to uniaxial tension load. The failure pattern of the UHTCC components exhibits multiple fine cracks with crack width lower than 100μm even corresponding to the ultimate tensile strain state. Four-point bending investigations of reinforced ultra high toughness cementitious composite (RUHTCC) members without web reinforcement have been carried out due to the excellent crack dispersion and strain energy absorption abilities of UHTCC material, aiming at design issues of strictly anti-cracking structures or aseismic design in key parts of structures such as beam column joint when using UHTCC. The moment-curvature curves have been measured and compared with the theoretical analysis proposed before. There is a reasonable agreement between them, especially that both moment and curvature present little difference before yielding. According to experimental results of RUHTCC beams with three different reinforcement ratios, UHTCC can delay yielding of reinforcements and improve load bearing capacity and ductility of structures or components compared with ordinary reinforced concrete beams, then steel products can be saved. The possibility of corrosion should be evidently reduced in respect that RUHTCC can effectively control crack. Accordingly, durability of structures improves by using UHTCC members.

Abstract: Based on high strength concrete (HSC), the improved HSC concrete was produced by adding different contents of fine grain rubber particles and polypropylene fibers. The grain size of the rubber particle is 420 m and the rubber content is 1%, 2%, and 3% of the mass of cementitious material respectively. The volume fraction of polypropylene fiber is 0.1%.The performance of HSC, rubber particle improved high strength concrete (RHSC), polypropylene fiber improved high strength concrete (PHSC) and polypropylene fiber hybrid rubber particle improved high strength concrete (PRHSC) before and after high temperature are studied. The investigation methods used are the external surface inspection, weight loss and residual strength testing. The experimental results show that rubber particles can improve the workability of HSC and PHSC under normal temperature. Polypropylene fiber can significantly improve the spalling failure resistance property of HSC and RHSC.

Abstract: In this paper, the development of cubic compressive strength of concrete with the age was studied first. Four kinds of concrete, which were made from the mixes by using 0%, 20%, 30% and 40% Composite Mineral Admixture (CMA) as the replacement of the cement for each kind of concrete, were used in the study. Test results showed that the concrete with 30% CMA had the best properties compared with others both under standard-curing condition and steam-curing condition. Furthermore, the normal concrete (without CMA ) and the high performance concrete (with 30% CMA) were chosen as the main materials in comparative tests to study the effect of curing conditions on the property of high performance concrete, such as the basic mechanical properties, the property against chloride penetration, and the property against carbonization. The results indicated that the curing temperature would increase the concrete strength in early age but not in long term. The curing condition would affect the property of concrete against carbonization but not the property of concrete against chloride penetration obviously.