Key Engineering Materials Vols. 417-418

Abstract: The dynamic response of a circular lining structure and multiple cracks in an elastic half space while bearing impact loading is studied in this paper. This problem can be seen as the problem of defending of blast. The methods of Green's function, complex function and multi-polar coordinates are used here. First, the scattering wave which satisfies the condition of stress free on the ground surface of half-space containing a shallow-embedded circular lining structure impacted by incident SH-wave is constructed based on the symmetry of SH-wave scattering and the method of multi-polar coordinates system. Then a crack or multiple cracks in any position and direction can be constructed by Green's function and means of crack-division in half space. Finally the displacement field and stress field are established in the case of coexistence of circular lining structure and cracks, and the expression of dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF) at the tip of crack is given. The interaction of inclusion and two cracks is chosen as numerical examples finally. According to nu-merical examples, the influences of different parameters on DSIF are discussed.

Abstract: In this paper the fretting wear simulation technique with the press-fitted specimens have been developed, which can consider the running-in period of total wear process by adopting nonlinear wear coefficient. The amount of microslip and contact variable at press-fitted and at bending loaded condition of press-fitted shaft was analysed by applying finite element method. With the finite element analysis result, a numerical approach was applied to predict fretting wear based on modified Archard's equation and updating the change of contact pressure caused by local wear with influence function method. The predicted wear profiles of press-fitted specimens at the contact edge were compared with the experimental results obtained by rotating bending fatigue tests. It is shown that the predicted wear profiles considering the running-in period with nonlinear wear coefficent is consistent with experimental results than that with constant wear coefficient. Therefore, the fretting wear simulation technique proposed is feasible and efficient for numerical simulation of fretting wear on press fits at the initial stage of fatigue life.

Abstract: This study investigates the effects of alkaline activators and curing method on the compressive strength of mortar for the development of cementless alkali-activated concrete using 100% of fly ash as binder. Results reveal that the compressive strength improved according to the increase of the molar concentration of NaOH. In addition, molar ratio Na2O to SiO2 of 1.12 activated the reaction of fly ash with Si and Al constituents and resulted in the most remarkable development of strength. In the case of mortar requiring high strength at early age, higher curing temperatures appeared to be advantages. Curing at 60°C during 48 hours is recommended for requiring high strength at age 28days. Moreover, performing atmospheric curing after high temperature curing appeared to be more effective for the development of strength than water curing. Based on these results, it has been analyzed that alkaline activators fabricated with proportions of 1:1 of 9M NaOH and sodium silicate should be used and that atmospheric curing should be performed after curing at 60°C during 48 hours to produce high strength alkali-activated mortar exhibiting compressive strength of 70MPa at age 28 days.

Abstract: The complete dentures are realized by different acrylic resins and different technologies. These materials are fragile and frequently appear crack and fractures of these dentures. Also, theses materials as well as the technologies of performing these dentures are expensive. In order to avoid the ultimate failure of the complete dentures, for each case there is necessary a numerical simulation as a preliminary stage before the effective performance of the denture. In order to realize the numerical simulation of the complete denture there is necessary to know the mechanical and elastic properties of the acrylic resins. This paper presents the results of experimental investigations performed in order to determine the mechanical and elastic properties of complete denture materials. A 3D laser scanner was used for the elaboration of the geometrical model of the complete dentures. In this way, using the reverse engineering technology there was realized a very accurate geometrical model. Finite element analysis was used to estimate the durability of the same complete dentures. The calculation model was finally validated by a fatigue experimental test.

Abstract: The electrical units of diesel electric locomotives, which were used for over 30 years, were characterized for deterioration evaluation through insulation resistance measurement, degradation testing, and infrared thermography method. Especially, an infrared camera and thermocouples were employed for the evaluation. The thermocouples were attached on high-voltage cables connected to traction motors, for in-situ measurement of abnormal heating during test running. After test running, the thermographic images were obtained for the inspection of high-voltage cables using the infrared camera. The thermographic results were quantitatively analyzed, and compared with temperature changes during running. In this investigation, various analysis techniques for the safety characterization of diesel electric locomotives have been introduced, and the analysis results have been used to provide the deterioration or wear information in current locomotive systems.

Abstract: This document describes a mixed-element approach to perform mixed-mode crack propagation calculations in an arbitrary structure in a fully automatic way. In a preprocessing step a cylindrical volume about the crack front is meshed with hexahedral elements while the remaining parts of the structure at interest are filled with tetrahedrons. Subsequently, a finite element calculation is performed yielding the stress field at the crack tip. The postprocessor determines the stress intensity factors and the 3-dimensional crack growth, leading to a new crack front. This procedure is repeated until a user-defined criterion is reached. The method is illustrated by an aircraft casing component.

Abstract: The fatigue crack initiation and growth in a high loaded bolted bar connection made of high strength steel S1100Q is presented. The material parameters for the fatigue crack initiation f’, f’, b and c are determined using low cycle fatigue test according to ASTM E 606 standard. The fracture mechanics parameters C and m are determined according to ASTM E 647 standard. Based on low cycle fatigue parameters the computational analysis is performed to determine the number of stress cycles required for the fatigue crack initiation. The remain service life up to the final failure is than determined using the known parameters C and m and calculated stress intensity factor, where 3D numerical analysis is performed. The bolted bars are also experimentally tested. Comparison of computational and experimental results shows a reasonable agreement.

Abstract: The present paper describes one of the most important slightly destructive technique used in the masonry survey: the flat-jack test. The test method is described in a critical way, emphasizing advantages and drawbacks. Besides, the relation between the flat-jack test and a numerical modelling is explored.

Abstract: With the achievements made in the research of mechanical properties for recycled aggregate concrete, this paper adopts the method of nonlinear finite element to analyze the seismic behavior of frame joints. The frame joints are made of recycled aggregate concrete. It also takes into account the bond behavior between steel bars and recycled aggregate concrete in the core area of the joints, and the force-displacement curve of the joints is calculated. Nonlinear finite element analysis shows that the results of the calculations are in accordance with the test results. It is concluded in this paper that, built models with nonlinear finite element method can be applied in simulating exactly the same seismic behavior of frame joints under low frequency reversed lateral loading.

Abstract: This study describes the establishment of similarity conditions among structural systems. The main objective of this research is to study the applicability of similitude theory in establishing necessary similarity conditions for designing scaled down models for predicting the vibration behavior of delaminated composite beam-plates. The results presented herein indicate that, for vibration response of delaminated plates, based on structural similitude, a set of scaling laws can be found to establish necessary structural similitude and design rules for small scale models. For models with the same material properties and stacking sequence as prototype, distorted models with different delamination length than those of prototype can predict the behavior of the prototypes with good accuracy.