The Use of Sucrose Granule as Pore Maker in Preparation of Porous Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate

Abstract:

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) has been clinically used as bone filler for decades. CSD bone graft is cheap, biocompatible and can be transformed to other osteoconductive ceramics such as hydroxyapatite and carbonate apatite. In addition, porous ceramic bone grafts is desired clinically. Development of porous ceramics bone graft with simple and cost-effective method is preferred. Thus, in this study, porous CSD was developed. Porous CSD can be used both as bone filler or precursor for porous hydroxyapatite and carbonate apatite. Porous CSD was prepared by mixing calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) containing sucrose granules with distilled water. After setting, the sucrose granules were removed by immersion in distilled water. Porous CSD was obtained after sucrose leaching. It was observed that more pore formed in the specimen with 50% sucrose granule compared with that of 25% sucrose granule. The sucrose was completely removed from the porous CSD evident from ATR-FTIR analysis. The diametral tensile strength of the porous CSD tend to decrease with the increase of sucrose granule. Finally, sucrose granule was feasible to be used as pore maker in preparation of porous CSD.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 829)
• Pages: 75-80
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.829.75
• Online since: December 2019
• Authors: Arsista Dede, Yosi Kusuma Eriwati, Triaminingsih Siti*, Sunarso Sunarso
• Keywords: Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate, Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate, Porous, Sugar Granule

References

[1] K. Uemura, A. Kanamori, K. Aoto, M. Yamazaki, M. Sakane, Novel unidirectional porous hydroxyapatite used as a bone substitute for open wedge high tibial osteotomy, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 25 (2014) 2541-2547.

DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5266-5

[2] R. Stefini, B. Zanotti, A. Nataloni, R. Martinetti, M. Scafuto, M. Colasurdo, A. Tampieri, The efficacy of custom-made porous hydroxyapatite prostheses for cranioplasty: evaluation of postmarketing data on 2697 patients, J. Appl. Biomater. Funct. Mater. 13 (2015) e136-44.

DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000211

[3] B. Zanotti, A. Verlicchi, S. Indiani, S. A. Scarparo, N. Zingaretti, P. C. Parodi, Spontaneous fractures in custom-made porous hydroxyapatite cranioplasty implants: is fragility the only culprit?, Acta Neurochir. (Wien). 157 (2015) 517-523.

DOI: 10.1007/s00701-014-2319-y

[4] T. Kasai, K. Sato, Y. Kanematsu, M. Shikimori, N. Kanematsu, Y. Doi,Bone tissue engineering using porous carbonate apatite and bone marrow cells, J. Craniofac. Surg. 21 (2010) 473-478.

DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3181cfea6d

[5] X. Wang, J. Li, R. Hu, H. Kou, Mechanical properties and porestructure deformation behaviour of biomedical porous titanium, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China. 25 (2015) 1543–1550.

DOI: 10.1016/s1003-6326(15)63756-6

[6] S. Panzavolta, P. Torricelli, S. Amadori, A. Parrilli, K. Rubini, E. della Bella, M. Fini, A. Bigi, 3D interconnected porous biomimetic scaffolds: In vitro cell response, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 101 (2013) 3560-3570.

DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34662

[7] A. Aarvold, J.O. Smith, E.R. Tayton, S.A. Lanham, J.B. Chaudhur, I.G. Turner, R.O. Oreffo, The effect of porosity of a biphasic ceramic scaffold on human skeletal stem cell growth and differentiation in vivo, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 101 (2013) 3431-3437.

DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34646

[8] P. Kasten, I. Beyen, P. Niemeyer, R. Luginbühl, M. Bohner, W. Richter, Porosity and pore size of beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold can influence protein production and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells: an in vitro and in vivo study, Acta Biomater. 4 (2008) 1904-1915.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.05.017

[9] S. Padilla, J. Román, M. Vallet-Regí, Synthesis of porous hydroxyapatites by combination of gelcasting and foams burn out methods, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 13 (2002) 1193-1197.

[10] J.I. González Ocampo, D.M. Escobar Sierra, C.P. Ossa Orozco, Porous bodies of hydroxyapatite produced by a combination of the gel-casting and polymer sponge methods, J. Adv. Res. 7 (2016) 297-304.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2015.06.006

[11] H. R. Ramay, M. Zhang, Preparation of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds by combination of the gel-casting and polymer sponge methods, Biomaterials. 24 (2003) 3293-3302.

DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00171-6

[12] H. Yoshikawa, N. Tamai, T.Murase, A.Myoui, Interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics for bone tissue engineering, J. R. Soc. Interface 6 (2009) S341-S348.

DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0425.focus

[13] I. Sopyana, J. Kaur, Preparation and characterization of porous hydroxyapatite through polymeric sponge method, Ceram. Int. 35 (2009) 3161-3168.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2009.05.012

[14] S.lim, S. Chun, D. Yang, S. Kim, Comparison study of porous calcium phosphate blocks prepared by piston and screw type extruders for bone scaffold, Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 9 (2012) 51.

DOI: 10.1007/s13770-012-0051-3

[15] Y.X. Pang, X. Bao, Influence of temperature, ripening time and calcination on the morphology and crystallinity of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 3 (2003)1697-1704.

DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2219(02)00413-2

[16] Y. Ayukawa, Y. Suzuki, K. Tsuru, K. Koyano, K. Ishikawa, Histological Comparison in Rats between Carbonate Apatite Fabricated from Gypsum and Sintered Hydroxyapatite on Bone Remodeling, Biomed. Res. Int. 2015 (2015) 7.

DOI: 10.1155/2015/579541

[17] G. Fernandez de Grado, L. Keller, Y. Idoux-Gillet,Q. Wagner, A.M. Musset, N. Benkirane-Jessel, F. Bornert, D. Offner, Bone substitutes: a review of their characteristics, clinical use, andperspectives for large bone defectsmanagement, J. Tissue Eng. 9 (2018) 1-18.

DOI: 10.1177/2041731418776819

[18] T. Szponder, E. Mytnik, Z. Jaegermann, Use of calcium sulfate as a biomaterial in the treatment of bone fractures in rabbits – Preliminary studies, Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy. 57(2013) 119-122.

DOI: 10.2478/bvip-2013-0022

[19] Li ST, et al., Isolation and Purification of a Porous Carbonate Apatite. Science Technology Innovation. (2014) 1-13.