Electrochemistry Numerical Study of Stress Corrosion Cracking under Near-Neutral Soil Solution

Abstract:

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) is a phenomenon in which cracks develop in certain materials due to a combination of stress and corrosion. This process is commonly observed in low-alloy steels with a ferritic-pearlitic structure, such as X70, which are often used in buried pipeline applications within the oil and gas industry. These materials are particularly susceptible to SCC failure in dilute solutions. To simulate SCC conditions, the Near-neutral simulated soil solution (NS4) has been established as a widely accepted industry standard for conducting crack growth experiments in many laboratories. This paper aims to investigate the role of electrochemistry in SCC under near-neutral soil solution conditions by presenting a numerical study using COMSOL on the effects of applied potential on corrosion rate in near-neutral soil solutions. According to the findings, the electrode thickness, current density, and corrosion rates were mostly affected by an applied potential of -1.2 V. This implies that slight modifications in the applied voltage can greatly influence the corrosion rate of the electrode. This outcome aligns with prior research on the influence of potential on electrode performance and emphasizes the crucial role of precise control of the applied potential in electrochemical systems.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 963)
• Pages: 37-43
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-zuD4rd
• Online since: October 2023
• Authors: Abdullah Alsit*, Hasan Hamdan, Mohammad Alkhedher, Mohamad Ramadan, Ibrahim Al-Adwan
• Keywords: Corrosion Rate, Current Density, Electrode Thickness, Near-Neutral, Oil and Gas Pipelines, Stress Corrosion Cracking SCC

References

[1] Y. Frank Cheng, Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines, First, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2013.

[2] M.B. Zamora, R. Galván-Martínez, A. Carmona, M. Baltazar, A. Contreras, R. Orozco-Cruz, Stress Corrosion Cracking of X70 Pipeline Steel Immersed in Synthetic Soil Solution, AFINIDAD. 76 (2019) 52–62. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346115287.

[3] A. Contreras, M. Salazar, A. Carmona, R. Galván-Martínez, Electrochemical noise for detection of stress corrosion cracking of low carbon steel exposed to synthetic soil solution, in: Materials Research, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, 2017: p.1201–1210.

DOI: 10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2016-0183

[4] O.I. Zvirko, S.F. Savula, V.M. Tsependa, G. Gabetta, H.M. Nykyforchyn, Stress corrosion cracking of gas pipeline steels of different strength, in: Procedia Structural Integrity, Elsevier B.V., 2016: p.509–516.

DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.066

[5] R.I. Bogdanov, E.M. Gutman, I. V Ryakhovskikh, Y.B. Unigovski, R.Z. Shneck, Stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels in near-neutral-pH solutions: the role of mechanochemical and chemomechanical effects, AIMS Mater Sci. 6 (2019) 1065–1085.

DOI: 10.3934/matersci.2019.6.1065

[6] A. Alsit, M. Alkhedher, H. Hamdan, Crack Propagation in Pipelines Under Extreme Conditions of Near-Neutral PH SCC, Computers, Materials and Continua. 73 (2022) 5315–5329.

DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2022.031042

[7] B.Y. Fang, E.H. Han, J.Q. Wang, W. Ke, Stress corrosion cracking of X-70 pipeline steel in near neutral pH solution subjected to constant load and cyclic load testing, Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology. 42 (2007) 123–129.

DOI: 10.1179/174327807X196843

[8] R.N. Parkins, Current Topics in Corrosion: Factors Influencing Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Kinetics, Corrosion. 43 (1987) 130–139.

DOI: 10.5006/1.3583125

[9] R. Duddu, N. Kota, S.M. Qidwai, An Extended Finite Element Method Based Approach for Modeling Crevice and Pitting Corrosion, J Appl Mech. 83 (2016).

DOI: 10.1115/1.4033379

[10] R. Bashir, H. Xue, R. Guo, Y. Bi, M. Usman, Interaction of Cyclic Loading (Low-Cyclic Fatigue) with Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) Growth Rate, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2020 (2020) 10.

DOI: 10.1155/2020/8026372

[11] A. Sainz-Rosales, X. Ocampo-Lazcarro, A. Hernández-Pérez, A.G. González-Gutiérrez, E.R. Larios-Durán, C. Ponce de León, F.C. Walsh, M. Bárcena-Soto, N. Casillas, Classic Evans's Drop Corrosion Experiment Investigated in Terms of a Tertiary Current and Potential Distribution, Corrosion and Materials Degradation. 3 (2022) 270–280.

DOI: 10.3390/cmd3020016

[12] B.N. Popov, Chapter 3 - Electrochemical Kinetics of Corrosion, in: B.N. Popov (Ed.), Corrosion Engineering, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2015: p.93–142. https://doi.org/.

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62722-3.00003-3

[13] X. He, T. Shoji, Quantitative prediction of EAC crack growth rate of sensitized type 304 stainless steel in boiling water reactor environments based on EPFEM, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, Transactions of the ASME. 129 (2007) 460–467.

DOI: 10.1115/1.2748827

[14] M.A. Mohtadi-Bonab, Effects of different parameters on initiation and propagation of stress corrosion cracks in pipeline steels: A review, Metals (Basel). 9 (2019).

DOI: 10.3390/met9050590

[15] A. Contreras, M. Salazar, A. Albiter, R. Galvan, O. Veg, Assessment of Stress Corrosion Cracking on Pipeline Steels Weldments Used in the Petroleum Industry by Slow Strain Rate Tests, in: Arc Welding, InTech, 2011.

DOI: 10.5772/26569

[16] R. Galván‐martínez, R. Orozco‐cruz, A. Carmona‐hernández, E. Mejía‐sánchez, M.A. Morales‐cabrera, A. Contreras, Corrosion study of pipeline steel under stress at different cathodic potentials by EIS, Metals (Basel). 9 (2019).

DOI: 10.3390/met9121353

[17] L.Y. Xu, Y.F. Cheng, Development of a finite element model for simulation and prediction of mechanoelectrochemical effect of pipeline corrosion, Corros Sci. 73 (2013) 150–160. https://doi.org/.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2013.04.004