A Novel Method for Evaluation of Chromium Evaporation from Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Interconnects: A Feasibility Study

Abstract:

The evaporation of volatile chromium species from ferritic stainless steels (FSSs) used as interconnect is well-known as degradation source for planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks. This work presents a feasibility study to quantify chromium evaporation from FSSs. It is based on measuring carbon dioxide produced by an intermediate reaction. Cr evaporated is collected by sodium carbonate forming sodium chromate and carbon dioxide. Measuring the resulting carbon dioxide allowed to quantify online the amount of reacted chromium with the carbonates. The post-experiment quantification of sodium chromate confirmed the applicability of the proposed method.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1016)
• Pages: 1109-1113
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1016.1109
• Online since: January 2021
• Authors: Daniele Paravidino*, Paolo Piccardo, Roberto Spotorno
• Keywords: Carbon Dioxide, Chromium Volatilization, Crofer 22 APU, High Temperature Oxidation, Interconnect, SOFC

References

[1] A.B. Stambuli, E. Traversa, Solid oxide fuel cells: a review of an environmental clean and efficient source of energy, Renew. Sustain Energy Rev. 6 (2002) 433-455.

DOI: 10.1016/s1364-0321(02)00014-x

[2] J. Ryter, R. Amendola, M. McCleary, W.-J. Shong, C.-K. Liu, R. Spotorno, P. Piccardo, Effect of electrical current on the oxidation behavior of electroless nickel-plated ferritic stainless steel in solid oxide fuel cell operating conditions, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43 (2018) 426-434.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.055

[3] Z. B. Stoynov, D. E. Vladikova, B. G. Burdin, J. Laurencin, D. Montinaro, A. Nakajo, P. Piccardo, A. Thorel, M. Hubert, R. Spotorno, A. Chesnaud, Differential Resistance Analysis - A New Tool for Evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Degradation, MRS Advances 2 (2017) 3991-4003.

DOI: 10.1557/adv.2017.592

[4] P. Piccardo, A. Pecunia, V. Bongiorno, R. Spotorno, Z. Wuillemin, J. P. Ouweltjes, Aging of Materials at Inlet and Outlet Fuel Manifolds in a SOFC Stack, ECS Transactions 68 (2015) 2611-2624.

DOI: 10.1149/06801.2611ecst

[5] E.J. Opila, D.L. Myers, N.S. Jacobson, I.M.B. Nielsen, D.F. Jonson, J.K. Olminsky, Theorical and experimental investigation of the thermochemistry of CrO2(OH)2((g). J Phys Chem A 111 (2007) 1971-1980.

DOI: 10.1002/chin.200723014

[6] M. Kornely, A. Neumann, N.H Mezler, A. Leonide, A. Weber, E. Ivers-Tiffèe, Degradation of anode supported cell (ASC) performance by Cr-poisoning. J Power Sources; 196 (2011) 7203-7208.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.10.033

[7] Z. Stoynov, D. Vladikova, B. Burdin, J. Laurencin, D. Montinaro, G. Raikova, G. Schiller, P. Szabo, Differential analysis of SOFC current-voltage characteristics, Appl. Energy 228 (2018) 1584-1590.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.138

[8] R. Spotorno, P. Piccardo, F. Perrozzi, Interaction between Crofer 22 APU Current Collector and LSCF Cathode Contacting Layer under Cell Operation, ECS Transaction 68 (2015) 1633-1640.

DOI: 10.1149/06801.1633ecst

[9] R. Spotorno, P. Piccardo, F. Perrozzi, S. Valente, M. Viviani, A. Ansar, Microstructural and Electrical Characterization of Plasma Sprayed Cu-Mn Oxide Spinels as Coating on Metallic Interconnects for Stacking Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Fuel Cells 15(5) (2015) 728-734.

DOI: 10.1002/fuce.201400189

[10] Thyssenkrupp® Crofer 22 APU datasheet.

[11] R. Sachitanand, M. Sattari, J.E. Svensson, J. Froitzheim, Evaluation of the oxidation and Cr evaporation properties of selected FeCr alloys used as SOFC interconnects, Int J of Hydrogen Energy 38 (2013) 15328-15334.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.09.044

[12] H. Falk-Windisch, J.E. Svensson, J. Froitzheim, The effect of temperature on chromium vaporization and oxide scale growth on interconnect steels for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, J Power Sources 287 (2015) 25-35.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.040