Effect of Cellular Dislocation Structure on the Strength of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel

Abstract:

Additively manufactured (AM) 316L stainless steel (SS) often contains cellular dislocation structure which is a distinct microstructural feature compared with those fabricated traditionally, like casting and forging. The role of this unique cellular dislocation structure on the mechanical properties of the AM 316L SS needs to be determined to guide its further performance improvement. In this study, the effect of cellular dislocation structure on the strength of AM 316L SS was investigated via micro-mechanical compression test. Single crystalline micro-pillars were firstly prepared from both the as-built and annealed AM 316L SS bulk specimens, with and without cellular dislocation structure relatively. The results show a significant increase of the yield strength of the micro-pillars with the cellular dislocation structure. The micro-pillars containing cellular dislocation structure with different sizes and morphologies have been studied to evaluate the effect of cellular dislocation structure on the strength of AM 316L SS.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1016)
• Pages: 1576-1584
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1016.1576
• Online since: January 2021
• Authors: Min Shi Wang*, Miles Fan, Sam Cruchley, Yu Lung Chiu
• Keywords: 316L Stainless Steel, Additive Manufacturing, Cellular Dislocation Structure, Micro-Pillar Compression

References

[1] I. Gibson, D.W. Rosen, B. Stucker, Additive Manufacturing Technologies. 2010: Springer.

[2] S.H. Huang, P. Liu, A. Mokasdar, L.J.T.I.J.o.A.M.T. Hou, Additive manufacturing and its societal impact: a literature review. 2013. 67(5): pp.1191-1203.

DOI: 10.1007/s00170-012-4558-5

[3] D. Herzog, V. Seyda, E. Wycisk, C. Emmelmann, Additive manufacturing of metals. Acta Materialia, 2016. 117: pp.371-392.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.019

[4] Y.L. Li,D.D. Gu, Parametric analysis of thermal behavior during selective laser melting additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy powder. Materials & Design, 2014. 63: pp.856-867.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.07.006

[5] L.N. Carter, C. Martin, P.J. Withers, M.M. Attallah, The influence of the laser scan strategy on grain structure and cracking behaviour in SLM powder-bed fabricated nickel superalloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014. 615: pp.338-347.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.06.172

[6] A. Kudzal, B. McWilliams, C. Hofmeister, F. Kellogg, J. Yu, J. Taggart-Scarff, J.Y. Liang, Effect of scan pattern on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Powder Bed Fusion additive manufactured 17-4 stainless steel. Materials & Design, 2017. 133: pp.205-215.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2017.07.047

[7] Y.M. Wang, T. Voisin, J.T. McKeown, J. Ye, N.P. Calta, Z. Li, Z. Zeng, Y. Zhang, W. Chen, T.T. Roehling, R.T. Ott, M.K. Santala, Philip J. Depond, M.J. Matthews, A.V. Hamza, T. Zhu, Additively manufactured hierarchical stainless steels with high strength and ductility. Nature Materials, 2018. 17(1): pp.63-71.

DOI: 10.1038/nmat5021

[8] L. Liu, Q. Ding, Y. Zhong, J. Zou, J. Wu, Y.-L. Chiu, J. Li, Z. Zhang, Q. Yu, Z. Shen, Dislocation network in additive manufactured steel breaks strength–ductility trade-off. Materials Today, 2018. 21(4): pp.354-361.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2017.11.004

[9] M. Shamsujjoha, S.R. Agnew, J.M. Fitz-Gerald, W.R. Moore, T.A. Newman, High Strength and Ductility of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel Explained. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions a-Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 2018. 49a(7): pp.3011-3027.

DOI: 10.1007/s11661-018-4607-2

[10] Y. Zhong, L.F. Liu, S. Wikman, D.Q. Cui, Z.J. Shen, Intragranular cellular segregation network structure strengthening 316L stainless steel prepared by selective laser melting. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2016. 470: pp.170-178.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.12.034

[11] D. Wang, C.H. Song, Y.Q. Yang, Y.C. Bai, Investigation of crystal growth mechanism during selective laser melting and mechanical property characterization of 316L stainless steel parts. Materials & Design, 2016. 100: pp.291-299.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.111

[12] J.R. Trelewicz, G.P. Halada, O.K. Donaldson, G. Manogharan, Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Laser Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel. Jom, 2016. 68(3): pp.850-859.

DOI: 10.1007/s11837-016-1822-4

[13] J. Wu, X.Q. Wang, W. Wang, M.M. Attallah, M.H. Loretto, Microstructure and strength of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg. Acta Materialia, 2016. 117: pp.311-320.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.012

[14] T.R. Smith, J.D. Sugar, C.S. Marchi, J.M. Schoenung, Strengthening mechanisms in directed energy deposited austenitic stainless steel. Acta Materialia, 2019. 164: pp.728-740.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2018.11.021

[15] Z. Li, T. Voisin, J.T. McKeown, J.C. Ye, T. Braun, C. Kamath, W.E. King, Y.M. Wang, Tensile properties, strain rate sensitivity, and activation volume of additively manufactured 316L stainless steels. International Journal of Plasticity, 2019. 120: pp.395-410.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2019.05.009

[16] P. Krakhmalev, I. Yadroitsava, G. Fredriksson, I. Yadroitsev, Microstructural and thermal stability of selective laser melted 316l stainless steel single tracks. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 2017. 28(1): pp.12-19.

DOI: 10.7166/28-1-1466

[17] Z. Li, B. He, Q. Guo, Strengthening and hardening mechanisms of additively manufactured stainless steels: The role of cell sizes. Scripta Materialia, 2020. 177: pp.17-21.

DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.10.005