Printability and Warpage Evaluation of Polypropylene/Nano Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Composite Prepared by Extrusion-Based 3D Printing

Abstract:

Polypropylene (PP) is a promising material for extrusion-based additive manufacturing due to its low cost, chemical resistance, good mechanical properties, versatile, and can be applied in various industrial applications. Recent research has focused on addressing the warpage issue in 3D printing of PP filaments. The effect of environmental conditions and loading of nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) in the pristine polypropylene to decrease warpage using the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) printing technology was studied. PP-NPCC composite filaments containing 5, 10, and 15 NPCC (wt%) were prepared using the twin-screw extruder. The printability, physicochemical, and mechanical properties of the PP-NPCC blends were determined. Based on the results, the incorporation of NPCC has contributed to the improvement of 3D printability and warpage in the PP-NPCC composite. At controlled environmental conditions, the filament was printable and the warpage was decreased by 44% at 10% NPCC loading. At the same concentration, there was a 30% increase in compressive strength and 43% increase in elastic modulus of the 3D printed parts.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1066)
• Pages: 99-104
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-h2j0v3
• Online since: July 2022
• Authors: Marlo Joseph Comadre*, Jo Ann C. Sy, Josefina R. Celorico, Alvin Kim Collera, Marianito T. Margarito, Blessie A. Basilia
• Keywords: 3D Printing, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Nano Precipitated Calcium Carbonate, Polypropylene, Warpage

References

[1] S.C. Ligon, R. Liska, J. Stampfl, M. Gurr, R. Mülhaupt, Polymers for 3D printing and customized additive manufacturing, Chem. Rev., 117 (15) (Aug. 2017), pp.1012-1029.

DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00074

[2] K. Wang, R. Cai, Z. Zhang, J. Liu, S. Ahzi, Y. Peng, Y. Rao, Compressive behaviors of 3D printed polypropylene-based composites at low and high strain rates https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.polymertesting. (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107321

[3] S.H. Kochesfahani, SPE ANTEC, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, 2016, pp, 1598-1614.

[4] Laura D.M., Keskkula H., Barlow J.W. and Paul D.R., Effect of glass fiber surface chemistry on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced, rubber-toughened nylon 6. Polymer. (2002).

DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00302-6

[5] Pérez E, Bernal C, Piacquadio M., Appl. Surf. Sci. 2012, 22, 8940–8945. Google Scholar.

[6] Y. Jing, X. Nai, L. Dang, D. Zhu, Y. Wang, Y. Dong,  Wu L, Reinforcing polypropylene with calcium carbonate of different morphologies and polymorphs, Published Online: 2017-04-19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2015-0307.

DOI: 10.1515/secm-2015-0307

[7] Y. Lin, C.-M. Chan, Calcium carbonate nanocomposites, Advances in Polymer Nanocomposites, (2012).

[8] J.R. Celorico, R.C. Loberiano, A.V. Collera and B.A. Basilia, Nano Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Method for Preparing the same, Utility Model UM-2-2018-050240, Philippine Patent Office, (2018).

[9] T. Koslowski and C. Bonten, Shrinkage, warpage and residual stresses of injection molded parts, 2055, 070003 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5084847.

DOI: 10.1063/1.5084847

[10] M. Spoerk, J. Sapkota, G. Weingrill, T. Fischinger, F. Arbeiter, and C Holzer, Shrinkage and Warpage Optimization of Expanded-Perlite-Filled Polypropylene Composites in Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing. July 2017 Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 302(10): 1700143.

DOI: 10.1002/mame.201700143