Strength Development of Seawater Mixed and Cured Concrete with Various Replacement Ratios of Fly Ash

Abstract:

In certain scenario, seawater maybe the only mixing and curing water available. Normally, concrete mixing requires freshwater, a resource which is expected to vastly deplete as a result of global water scarcity. Seawater which covers more than 70 percent of earth surface has potential to replace the freshwater in concrete. Hence, it is necessary to optimize conditions for its application in concrete, because freshwater reserves are either limited or its transport is costly. Further, the effect of various replacement ratios of fly ash needs further studies to determine applicability on concrete with seawater mixing in particular. Thus, this study aims to examine by which seawater can be employed as mixing water for making concrete, especially for plain concrete. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of seawater as mixing and fly ash as supplementary binder at 10%, 20% and 30% for Portland Composite Cement replacement on compressive strength, respectively. The water-to-binder ratio was varied at 40%, 50% and 60%. The specimens were cured (continuous immersion) in freshwater and seawater for 91-days. The results indicated that seawater can be used as mixing and curing water. Compressive strength of concrete increase when using seawater as mixing water and freshwater as curing water especially for w/b of 40%. Also, significant strength development up to 91-days was shown by fly ash concrete when using seawater as curing water and freshwater as mixing water . Effectiveness of seawater curing on strength development of fly ash concrete with w/b of 40% is larger in concrete with freshwater mixing than seawater mixing. The results obtained in this study provide an information in development for applicability seawater in concrete.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1091)
• Pages: 111-118
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-1ckry6
• Online since: June 2023
• Authors: Dahlia Patah*, Amry Dasar, Apriansyah Apriansyah, Muhammad Akbar Caronge
• Keywords: Ash Fly, Compressive Strength, Concrete, Mineral Admixture, Seawater Mixed

References

[1] Information on http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity.shtml

[2] A. Neville, Seawater in the mixture, Concrete international 23, no. 1 (2001) 48-51.

[3] T. Nishida, N. Otsuki, H. Ohara, Z. M. Garba-Say, T. Nagata, Some considerations for applicability of seawater as mixing water in concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil engineering 27 (2015) B4014004.

DOI: 10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001006

[4] H. Sharon, K. S. Reddy, A review of solar energy driven desalination technologies, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 41 (2015): 1080-1118.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.09.002

[5] T. Miyagawa, H. Morikawa, N. Otsuki, A. Miyamoto, K. Eguchi, H. Hamada, A. Hattori, T. Harada, S. Inoue, Y. Kaneko, and Y. Kamihigashi, STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES,-2001 MAINTENANCE, 대한토목학회 학술대회 (2003) 5629-5640.

[6] N. Otsuki, H. Hamada, N. Takeda, K. I. Imamoto, T. Yamaji, T. Habuchi, and T. Nishida, Technical Committee on the use of sea water in concrete, Technical Committee Reports 22 (2014).

[7] A. Dasar, D. Patah, H. Hamada, Y. Sagawa, D. Yamamoto, Applicability of seawater as a mixing and curing agent in 4-year-old concrete, Construction and Building Materials 259 (2020) 119692.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119692

[8] A. Dasar, H. Hamada, Y. Sagawa, R. Irmawaty, Corrosion evaluation of reinforcing bar in sea water mixed mortar by electrochemical method, Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute At: Nagoya, JAPAN Volume 35, no.1 (2013) 889-894.

[9] A. Dasar, H. Hamada, Y. Sagawa, D. Yamamoto, Recovery In Mix Potential And Polarization Resistance Of Steel Bar In Cement Hardened Matrix During Early Age Of 6 Months-Sea-Water Mixed Mortar And Cracked Concrete, Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute At: Fukuoka, Volume 38, no.1 (2016) 1203-1208.

[10] A. Mejía, M.Nucete Hubner, E. Ron Sánchez, M. Doria, The United Nations World Water Development Report–N° 4–Water and Sustainability (A Review of Targets, Tools and Regional Cases) (2012).

[11] D.Manmohan, P. K. Mehta, Influence of pozzolanic, slag, and chemical admixtures on pore size distribution and permeability of hardened cement pastes, Cement, Concrete and Aggregates 3 (1981) 63-67.

DOI: 10.1520/cca10203j

[12] C. Astm, 618, Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use as a mineral admixture in concrete, Annual book of ASTM standards 4 (1999).

DOI: 10.1520/c0618-00

[13] T. U. Mohammed, H. Hamada, T. Yamaji, Performance of seawater-mixed concrete in the tidal environment, Cement and concrete research 34 (2004) 593-601.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.09.020

[14] F.M. Wegian, Effect of seawater for mixing and curing on structural concrete, The IES Journal Part A: Civil & Structural Engineering 3 (2010) 235-243.

DOI: 10.1080/19373260.2010.521048