Preparation of Polycurcumin-Modified Graphite Electrode via Electropolymerization and its Application for Determining Cd²⁺

Abstract:

The graphite electrode was changed by applying cyclic voltammetry to electropolymerized curcumin. Then, the polycurcumin-modified graphite electrodes (GECU) were used to determine Cd²⁺ concentration. The results showed that the GECU electrodes had higher electrocatalytic activity toward Cd²⁺ than bare graphite electrodes. Furthermore, the effect of the scan rates showed that the electrochemical process controlling the redox behavior of Cd²⁺ on GECU is a diffusion-controlled electrochemical process. At Cd²⁺ ranging from 0.22 to 11.03 ppm, the relationship between oxidation peak current (Ip) and Cd2⁺ concentration follows the linear regression equation of Ip = 73.024[Cd²⁺] + 722.02 (μA, R² = 0.9936). It means that under experimental conditions, an increase in Cd2+ from 0.22 to 11.03 ppm can increase the Ip value. On the other hand, At Cd²⁺ ranging from 11.03 to 55.07 ppm, the relationship between Ip and Cd²⁺ concentration follows the linear equation of Ip = 24.227[Cd²⁺] + 1212.6 (μA, R² = 0.9920). The LOD and LOQ were determined at low Cd²⁺ concentrations, namely 0.86 ppm, and 2.84 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, the suggested modification has been used successfully and with satisfactory recoveries to determine the presence of Cd²⁺ in laboratory liquid wastewater.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1118)
• Pages: 29-36
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-OXx5yP
• Online since: March 2024
• Authors: Siti Marwati*, Anti Kolonial Prodjosantoso, Regina Tutik Padmaningrum
• Keywords: Cd²⁺, Curcumin, Electropolymerization, Voltammetry

References

[1] M.Y. Khorasani, H. Langari, S. B.T. Sany, M. Rezayi, and A. Sahebkar, The role of curcumin and its derivatives in sensory applications, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 103, May 109792, pp.1-10, (2019).

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109792

[2] T. Devasena, N. Balasubramanian, N. Muninathan, K. Baskaran, and S. T. John, Curcumin Is an Iconic Ligand for Detecting Environmental Pollutants, Bioinorg. Chem. Appl. 2022, pp.1-12, (2022).

DOI: 10.1155/2022/9248988

[3] N. T. D. Dey and V. R. Shanker, Validation of copper decorated Graphene oxide material for assaying Curcumin, Front. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7, 1, p.1–11, (2021)

DOI: 10.15761/fnn.1000194

[4] Y. Pu, Y. Wu, Z. Yu, L. Lu, and X. Wang, 2021 Simultaneous determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by an electrochemical sensor based on Fe3O4/Bi2O3/C3N4 nanocomposites, Talanta Open 3, November 2020, p.0–6, (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2020.100024

[5] R. Golbedaghi, S. Jafari, and M. Reza,Determination of cadmium ( II ) ion by atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction, J. Iran. Chem., 9, p.251–256, (2012).

DOI: 10.1007/s13738-011-0018-7

[6] Z. Li and L. Zhou, Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry after Ultrasound-Assisted Sample Preparation, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 19, 7, p.1347–1354, (2008).

DOI: 10.1590/s0103-50532008000700017

[7] J. E.O. Sullivan, R. J. Watson, and E. C. V. Butler, Talanta An ICP-MS procedure to determine Cd , Co , Cu , Ni , Pb and Zn in oceanic waters using in-line fl ow-injection with solid-phase extraction for preconcentration, Talanta, 115, p.999–1010, (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.054

[8] C. Ariño, N. Serrano, J. M. Díaz-cruz, and M. Esteban M, Voltammetric determination of metals beyond mercury electrodes: A Review, Anal. Chim. Acta, 990, Octobe 2017, p.11–53, (2017).

DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.069

[9] L.A. Machhindra and Y. K. Yen, A Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Cd2+ Detection Based on Prussian Blue-PEDOT-Loaded Laser-Scribed Graphene-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode, Chemosensors, 10, 6, pp.1-13, (2022).

DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10060209

[10] B. Mulyati and R. S. Panjaitan, Development of Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Technique for cadmium(II) Detection and Its Application in Water Spinach, Indones. J. Chem. Res., 9, 2, p.129–136, (2021).

DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2020.9-riz

[11] H. Dai, N. Wang, D. Wang, H. Ma, and M. Lin, An electrochemical sensor based on phytic acid functionalized polypyrrole/graphene oxide nanocomposites for simultaneous determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II), Chem. Eng. J., 299, p.150–155, (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.083

[12] K. Krishna Kumar, M. Devendiran, R.A. Kalaivani, and S. Narayanan, Polycurcumin nanospheres modified electrode for nanoscale detection of mercury ions in seawater, Chem. Phys. Lett., 781, May 2020, p.138974, (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138974

[13] A. Mejri, A. Mars, H. Elfil, and A. H. Hamzaoui, Graphene nanosheets modified with curcumin-decorated manganese dioxide for ultrasensitive potentiometric sensing of mercury(II), fluoride and cyanide, Microchim. Acta, 185, 12, p.3–10, (2018).

DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3064-3

[14] B. Devadas, M. Rajkumar, and S. M. Chen, Electropolymerization of curcumin on glassy carbon electrode and its electrocatalytic application for the voltammetric determination of epinephrine and p-acetoaminophenol, Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces, 116, p.674–680, (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.11.002

[15] N. Elgrishi, K. J. Rountree, B. D. McCarthy, E. S. Rountree, T. T. Eisenhart, and J. L. Dempsey, A practical beginner's guide to cyclic voltammetry, J. Chem. Educ., 95, 2, p.197–206, (2018).

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00361

[16] S. Marwati, D. Siswanta, W. Trisunaryanti and I. S. Y. Louise, 2020 Polyeugenol-modified graphite electrode for determination of hydroquinone in cosmetic, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1485, 1, p.0–7, (2020).

DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1485/1/012034

[17] A. Gubendran, M. Amutha, P. Dhanasekaran, A. Imayatharasi, and M. Vijayalakshmi, Synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical applications of Curcumin metal complex, J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 11, 6, p.80–84, (2016).